Juvenile Radicalization Into Violent Extremism: Investigative and Research Perspectives

Borum, Randy; Patterson, Terri D.

doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2019.07.932

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Given that most individuals become radicalized or engage in political violence before the age of 30, the previous frameworks are limited in that they are not informed by a perspective of developmental psychology (e.g., Beelmann, 2020;Borum & Patterson, 2019). To advance our understanding of the developmental processes leading to such outcomes, the social-developmental model of radicalization offers one of the first developmentally informed perspectives on radicalization (Beelmann, 2020).…”

Section: Political Violence and Political Radicalization: Previous Theories And A New Developmental Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Political Violence Outcomes among Young People: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Jahnke

Borger

Beelmann

2021

Political Psychology

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The present meta-analysis summarizes the international basis of evidence regarding links between psychologically meaningful risk factors and political violence outcomes among adolescents and young adults. We synthesized 422 cross-sectional effect sizes from 95 samples (67 index publications, 23 countries), using robust variance estimation. The results of seven longitudinal studies and one intervention study are discussed in a narrative manner. We detected significant effects for depression (

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Section: Political Violence and Political Radicalization: Previous Theories And A New Developmental Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Political Violence Outcomes among Young People: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Jahnke

Borger

Beelmann

2021

Political Psychology

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“…Psychopathology will seldom be a causal factor in the engagement of violent extremism and terrorism. However, specific psychological functions and processes, particularly maladaptive ones, might be relevant for understanding a person's pathway into and through violent extremism and terrorist activity (5,8,30). Commitment to an ideology that justifies the use of violence, and grievances about perceived injustice, and the anger or outrage in response to perceived injustice are specific for violent extremism and mostly for terrorism (5,7,(31)(32)(33)(34).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychopathology of Young Terrorist Offenders, and the Interaction With Ideology and Grievances

Duits¹,

Alberda²,

Kempes³

2022

Front. Psychiatry

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Psychopathology might be a risk factor for terrorist offending as it is for violent offending. Therefore, we examined the prevalence of psychopathology in young and adult Jihadist terrorist offenders on the basis of primary source judicial information and forensic mental health reports with the European Database of convicted Terrorist offenders (EDT). We hypothesised that psychopathology might be associated with ideological risk factors, and that these associations might be different for young and adult terrorist offenders. Therefore, we examined whether and to what extent psychopathology is related to a violent ideology, to grievances and anger about perceived injustice. We investigated whether this differs among 120 adult and 46 juvenile terrorist offenders. We found that most adult and young Jihadist terrorist offenders with a forensic mental health report had psychopathological problems. Most frequently found were symptoms and traits of intellectual disability disorders, depressive disorders, psychotic/schizophrenic disorders, substance use disorders, and personality disorders. Most frequently found clinically relevant personality traits were problems with relationships, poor regulation of aggression, feelings of anger, and paranoid feelings. We found some first indications for a positive association between psychopathology and grievances and anger about perceived injustice. In the young terrorist offenders with depressive symptoms, grievances about perceived injustice were more often present than in young terrorist offenders without these symptoms. In adult terrorist offenders it was found that grievances about perceived injustice and the anger were related to cluster B personality traits. In addition, in both young and adult terrorist offenders expressed grievances about perceived injustice were related to problems with relationships. Further research into psychopathology in terrorist offenders seems necessary with larger groups of adolescents and adults in relation to ideological, personal and contextual risk factors and how these factors relate to different terrorist acts. This may lead to more knowledge about engagement into terrorism and possible disengagement from terrorism. It may also lead to the inclusion of psychopathology into violent extremism risk assessment tools.

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“…This section will review global approaches for working with atrisk and radicalised youth offenders. The study of at-risk and radicalised youth is emerging as an area of academic interest (1,27,28). Our understanding of youth radicalisation is however "rudimentary" [(41), p. 165].…”

Section: Responding To Radicalised Youth Offendersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capacity of frontline staff to identify risk factors whilst accounting for youth vulnerability and development has also been questioned in the Netherlands (17). This highlights challenges for early identification given that normal developmental experiences can increase vulnerability to youth being exposed to and influenced by extremism (1,27). Examples include processes of identity formation, ideological exploration, a search for meaning and significance, and a desire for security and belonging.…”

Section: Early Identification and Referralmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is argued that the process of youth radicalisation differs from adults due to risk factors and vulnerabilities that are unique to childhood and adolescence (14,(24)(25)(26). It is subsequently recommended that countering violent extremism (CVE) approaches should be individually-tailored to address the impact of youth-specific life-course experiences, trajectories, and developmental vulnerabilities on the process of radicalisation (15,22,27,28). It is noted that the Australian Government views radicalisation as a process where people's thinking and behaviour moves outside the mainstream that may result in the use of ideologically motivated violence (https:// www.livingsafetogether.gov.au/resources).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dealing With Radicalised Youth Offenders: The Development and Implementation of a Youth-Specific Framework

Barracosa

March

2022

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: In 2018 in the Australian State of New South Wales, a specialist Countering Violent Extremism Unit was established in the youth criminal justice system. This was in direct response to a number of youth below the age of 18 who have been charged for terrorism offences and identified as involved in violent extremist acts. This youth-specific framework was the first of its kind in Australia. It was designed to provide multidisciplinary practitioner-based approaches for the early-identification, diversion, and disengagement of at-risk and radicalised youth offenders.Aims: This paper will explore the experiences and lessons learned by the Youth Justice New South Wales Countering Violent Extremism Unit. It will discuss the relevance of youth radicalisation within Australia's evolving national security climate. This includes emerging trends in relation to youth radicalisation to varied violent extremist ideologies. This paper will explore the specialist approach adopted for preventing and countering violent extremism through the identification, assessment, and case management of at-risk and radicalised youth offenders.Implications: The Youth Justice New South Wales experience indicates that youth criminal justice settings can be designed to tackle the challenges posed by at-risk and radicalised youth. The practitioner experience canvassed in this paper highlights that a pluralistic and non-punitive approach to supervision, client-focused assessment and case management processes, and widespread resourcing of multidisciplinary practitioners and programs can be used to account for developmental and psychosocial vulnerabilities in addition to violent extremism risk factors amongst youth offenders. These approaches should be supplemented by youth-specific countering violent extremism practitioner expertise, and a range of violent extremism case management and risk assessment measures.

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Juvenile Radicalization Into Violent Extremism: Investigative and Research Perspectives

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Predictors of Political Violence Outcomes among Young People: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Predictors of Political Violence Outcomes among Young People: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Psychopathology of Young Terrorist Offenders, and the Interaction With Ideology and Grievances

Dealing With Radicalised Youth Offenders: The Development and Implementation of a Youth-Specific Framework

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