Introduction: Juxta-articular myxoma ( JAM) is a rare benign myxoid lesion that arises predominantly in the vicinity of large joints (hence the name) with the knee joint followed much less frequently by shoulder, elbow, hip and ankle joints being the main sites affected. Involvement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by JAM is exceptionally rare making this entity not well-known by oro-maxillofacial surgeons. We present a case of JAM located at the TMJ and gives a systematic review of the literature on this topic. Methods: A systematic search for "juxta-articular myxoma" " +"TMJ", "mandible" and temporomandibular" in English/French/German literature in PubMed, Medline, WebOfScience, OpenGrey and GoogleScholar was performed. The retrieved papers were then analyzed for the anatomical region, diagnostics, treatment, follow-up time and potential recurrence.Results: JAM mainly occurs at the knee, shoulder or the elbow, other locations are rare. Main diagnostic imaging for JAM is MRI-scan. Excision of the lesion is standard therapy. Local recurrence is reported in 23% for an average follow-up of 38 months. Involvement of the TMJ was reported in 1% of total cases.
Conclusion:JAM is a rare benign tumor with local aggressive features. Occurrence at the mandible is quite rare. Due to the confined anatomical region of the TMJ complete removal may be difficult, a distinctive approach should be planned to guarantee optimal access. This fact and a high recurrence rate imply the need of a close follow-up.