K-band tunable phase shifter with microstrip line structure using BST technology

Zhang, Meng; Li, Mingyang; Ling, Senyin; Chen, Peng; Zhu, Xiao‐Wei; Yu, Xutao

doi:10.1109/apmc.2015.7413118

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“… in semiconductor technologies [5][6][7][8][9][10], in particular silicon technologies (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) and Bipolar CMOS) that offer much lower cost as compared to Indium Phosphide (InP) or Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) technologies, and can address consumer applications,  with RF MicroElectroMechanical Systems (RF-MEMS) [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], and  by using functional materials such as ferrites [26][27][28], ferroelectrics, mainly Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) capacitors, filters, and phase shifters in thin or thick-film technology [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] and the Microwave Liquid Crystal (MLC) technology beyond optics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These reconfigurable/tunable components such as RF switches, varactors, adaptive matching networks and filters, frequency-agile antennas, frequency-selective surfaces, polarization-agile antennas and polarizer, discrete, and continuous phase shifters, and based on it, beam-steering antennas can be realized with different materials and technologies, which are symbolized in Figure 4 at the lower left: in semiconductor technologies [5][6][7][8][9][10], in particular silicon technologies (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) and Bipolar CMOS) that offer much lower cost as compared to Indium Phosphide (InP) or Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) technologies, and can address consumer applications, with RF MicroElectroMechanical Systems (RF-MEMS) [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], and by using functional materials such as ferrites [26][27][28], ferroelectrics, mainly Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) capacitors, filters, and phase shifters in thin or thick-film technology [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] and the Microwave Liquid Crystal (MLC) technology beyond optics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Microwave Liquid Crystal Enabling Technology for Electronically Steerable Antennas in SATCOM and 5G Millimeter-Wave Systems

Jakoby

Gaebler²,

Weickhmann³

2020

Crystals

102

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Future satellite platforms and 5G millimeter wave systems require Electronically Steerable Antennas (ESAs), which can be enabled by Microwave Liquid Crystal (MLC) technology. This paper reviews some fundamentals and the progress of microwave LCs concerning its performance metric, and it also reviews the MLC technology to deploy phase shifters in different topologies, starting from well-known toward innovative concepts with the newest results. Two of these phase shifter topologies are dedicated for implementation in array antennas: (1) wideband, high-performance metallic waveguide phase shifters to plug into a waveguide horn array for a relay satellite in geostationary orbit to track low Earth orbit satellites with maximum phase change rates of 5.1°/s to 45.4°/s, depending on the applied voltages, and (2) low-profile planar delay-line phase shifter stacks with very thin integrated MLC varactors for fast tuning, which are assembled into a multi-stack, flat-panel, beam-steering phased array, being able to scan the beam from −60° to +60° in about 10 ms. The loaded-line phase shifters have an insertion loss of about 3 dB at 30 GHz for a 400° differential phase shift and a figure-of-merit (FoM) > 120°/dB over a bandwidth of about 2.5 GHz. The critical switch-off response time to change the orientation of the microwave LCs from parallel to perpendicular with respect to the RF field (worst case), which corresponds to the time for 90 to 10% decay in the differential phase shift, is in the range of 30 ms for a LC layer height of about 4 µm. These MLC phase shifter stacks are fabricated in a standard Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) process for manufacturing low-cost large-scale ESAs, featuring single- and multiple-beam steering with very low power consumption, high linearity, and high power-handling capability. With a modular concept and hybrid analog/digital architecture, these smart antennas are flexible in size to meet the specific requirements for operating in satellite ground and user terminals, but also in 5G mm-wave systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Liquid Crystal Enabling Technology for Electronically Steerable Antennas in SATCOM and 5G Millimeter-Wave Systems

Jakoby

Gaebler²,

Weickhmann³

2020

Crystals

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…LCs are the most promising candidates for applications above 15 GHz as their dielectric loss is superior compared to other technologies such as ferroelectrics [20][21][22][23][24][25] and ferrites [26][27][28]. A direct competitor are micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) [29,30], which utilize mechanical changes on the micro scale to implement phase shifter components required for array antennas.…”

Section: Use Cases For Lc-based Microwave Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Liquid Crystal Technology

et al. 2018

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Tunable Liquid Crystal (LC)-based microwave components are of increasing interest in academia and industry. Based on these components, numerous applications can be targeted such as tunable microwave filters and beam-steering antenna systems. With the commercialization of first LC-steered antennas for Ku-band e.g., by Kymeta and Alcan Systems, LC-based microwave components left early research stages behind. With the introduction of terrestrial 5G communications systems, moving to millimeter-wave communication, these systems can benefit from the unique properties of LC in terms of material quality. In this paper, we show recent developments in millimeter wave phase shifters for antenna arrays. The limits of classical high-performance metallic rectangular waveguides are clearly identified. A new implementation with dielectric waveguides is presented and compared to classic approaches.

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Concentric Square Rings with Phase Delay Line Design for BST Reconfigurable Reflectarray Technology

Harun,

Mansor,

Misran

2024

Springer Proceedings in Physics

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K-band tunable phase shifter with microstrip line structure using BST technology

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Microwave Liquid Crystal Enabling Technology for Electronically Steerable Antennas in SATCOM and 5G Millimeter-Wave Systems

Microwave Liquid Crystal Enabling Technology for Electronically Steerable Antennas in SATCOM and 5G Millimeter-Wave Systems

Microwave Liquid Crystal Technology

Concentric Square Rings with Phase Delay Line Design for BST Reconfigurable Reflectarray Technology

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