K-Sads-Pl

Kaufman, Joan; Birmaher, Boris; Brent, David A.; Ryan, Neal D.; Rao, Usha

doi:10.1097/00004583-200010000-00002

Cited by 413 publications

(359 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…An additional five subjects between the ages of 8 and 11 were studied unsuccessfully when they asked to terminate the conditioning procedures, which they experienced as excessively fear-provoking. All participants were free of psychopathology based on clinical interview (46). There were no differences between age-groups in sex, IQ, or SES (P > 0.10).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Distinct neural signatures of threat learning in adolescents and adults

Lau

Britton

Nelson

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

174

175

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Most teenage fears subside with age, a change that may reflect brain maturation in the service of refined fear learning. Whereas adults clearly demarcate safe situations from real dangers, attenuating fear to the former but not the latter, adolescents' immaturity in prefrontal cortex function may limit their ability to form clear-cut threat categories, allowing pervasive fears to manifest. Here we developed a discrimination learning paradigm that assesses the ability to categorize threat from safety cues to test these hypotheses on age differences in neurodevelopment. In experiment 1, we first demonstrated the capacity of this paradigm to generate threat/safety discrimination learning in both adolescents and adults. Next, in experiment 2, we used this paradigm to compare the behavioral and neural correlates of threat/safety discrimination learning in adolescents and adults using functional MRI. This second experiment yielded three sets of findings. First, when labeling threats online, adolescents reported less discrimination between threat and safety cues than adults. Second, adolescents were more likely than adults to engage early-maturing subcortical structures during threat/safety discrimination learning. Third, adults' but not adolescents' engagement of late-maturing prefrontal cortex regions correlated positively with fear ratings during threat/safety discrimination learning. These data are consistent with the role of dorsolateral regions during category learning, particularly when differences between stimuli are subtle [Miller EK, Cohen JD (2001) Annu Rev Neurosci 24:167-202]. These findings suggest that maturational differences in subcortical and prefrontal regions between adolescent and adult brains may relate to age-related differences in threat/safety discrimination. amygdala | brain development | discriminative fear conditioning | threat responding | anxiety

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Distinct neural signatures of threat learning in adolescents and adults

Lau

Britton

Nelson

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

174

175

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…None of the participants received psychotropic medication, had contraindications for MRI, suffered from alcohol or drug dependence (except three schizophrenia offspring were cigarette smokers), had a history of a neurological diagnosis, or psychotic disorder. Current and lifetime DSM-IV axis I disorders were obtained in all participants by a face-to-face interview with both the child and the parent using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children, Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) (Kaufman et al, 2000). DSM-IV axis I disorders and age of onset of parents in the schizophrenia offspring group were ascertained during in-person interviews by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (First, 1997) and further confirmed by the treating psychiatrist.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in White Matter Organization in Adolescent Offspring of Schizophrenia Patients

Leeuw

Bohlken

Mandl

et al. 2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Schizophrenia is associated with frontostriatal network impairments underlying clinical and cognitive symptoms. We previously found disruptions in anatomical pathways, including the tract connecting the left nucleus accumbens and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Similar deficits are observed in unaffected siblings of schizophrenia patients, indicating that these deficits are linked to a genetic vulnerability for the disorder. Frontostriatal tract disruptions may arise during adolescence, preceding the clinical manifestation of the disorder. However, to date, no studies have been performed to investigate frontostriatal tract connections in adolescents who are at increased familial risk for schizophrenia. In this study, we investigate the impact of familial risk on frontostriatal tract connections using diffusion tensor imaging in 27 adolescent offspring of schizophrenia patients and 32 matched control adolescents, aged 10-18 years. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) was calculated for the tracts connecting the striatum (caudate nucleus, putamen, nucleus accumbens) and frontal cortex regions (DLPFC, medial orbital frontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus). As expected, based on siblings data, we found an impact of familial risk on frontostriatal development: schizophrenia offspring showed increased FA in the tracts connecting nucleus accumbens and DLPFC as compared with control adolescents. Moreover, while FA increased across age in control adolescents, it did not in schizophrenia offspring. We did not find differences in FA in other frontostriatal tracts. These results indicate altered development of white matter in subjects who are at familial risk for schizophrenia and may precede frontostriatal white matter alterations in adult schizophrenia patients and siblings.

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“…Subjects were recruited through newspaper advertisements and were financially compensated for their participation. Inclusion criteria were right-handedness, age between 9 and 17 years for adolescents and 20 and 40 years for adults, absence of past and present psychiatric disorders on the basis of a psychiatric diagnostic interview [Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia of School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime version for the adolescents (Kaufman, Birmaher, Brent, Ryan, Rao, 2000;Spitzer, Williams, Gibbon, First, 1992), and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV for adults (Segal, Hersen, Van Hasselt, 1994)], and absence of acute or chronic medical illnesses on the basis of medical history and physical examination. All adult participants and parents of adolescent participants signed a consent form after having been explained the study in detail.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Neural substrates of choice selection in adults and adolescents: Development of the ventrolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices

et al. 2007

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A heightened propensity for risk-taking and poor decision-making underlies the peak morbidity and mortality rates reported during adolescence. Delayed maturation of cortical structures during the adolescent years has been proposed as a possible explanation for this observation. Here, we test the hypothesis of adolescent delayed maturation by using fMRI during a monetary decision-making task that directly examines risk-taking behavior during choice selection. Orbitofrontal/ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (OFC/VLPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were examined selectively since both have been implicated in reward-related processes, cognitive control, and resolution of conflicting decisions. Group comparisons revealed greater activation in the OFC/ VLPFC (BA 47) and dorsal ACC (BA 32) in adults than adolescents when making risky selections. Furthermore, reduced activity in these areas correlated with greater risk-taking performance in adolescents and in the combined group. Consistent with predictions, these results suggest that adolescents engage prefrontal regulatory structures to a lesser extent than adults when making risky economic choices.

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K-Sads-Pl

Cited by 413 publications

References 1 publication

Distinct neural signatures of threat learning in adolescents and adults

Distinct neural signatures of threat learning in adolescents and adults

Changes in White Matter Organization in Adolescent Offspring of Schizophrenia Patients

Neural substrates of choice selection in adults and adolescents: Development of the ventrolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices

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