Kaempferol, Myricetin and Fisetin in Prostate and Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Abstract

Prostate and bladder cancer represent the two most frequently diagnosed genito-urinary malignancies. Diet has been implicated in both prostate and bladder cancer. Given their prolonged latency and high prevalence rates, both prostate and bladder cancer represent attractive candidates for dietary preventive measures, including the use of nutritional supplements. Flavonols, a class of flavonoids, are commonly found in fruit and vegetables and are known for their protective effect against diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, a higher dietary intake of flavonols was associated with a lower risk of both bladder and prostate cancer in epidemiological studies. In this systematic review, we gathered all available evidence supporting the anti-cancer potential of selected flavonols (kaempferol, fisetin and myricetin) against bladder and prostate cancer. A total of 21, 15 and 7 pre-clinical articles on bladder or prostate cancer reporting on kaempferol, fisetin and myricetin, respectively, were found, while more limited evidence was available from animal models and epidemiological studies or clinical trials. In conclusion, the available evidence supports the potential use of these flavonols in prostate and bladder cancer, with a low expected toxicity, thus providing the rationale for clinical trials that explore dosing, settings for clinical use as well as their use in combination with other pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.

Androgen-Dependent Prostate Cancer Cells Reprogram Their Metabolic Signature upon GLUT1 Upregulation by Manganese Superoxide Dismutase

“…Moreover, redox-related metabolism can be induced by different environmental factors such as anti-tumor therapy, diet, or lifestyle factors [ 38 ]. For example, flavonoids and endogenous antioxidant derived from fruit and vegetables have been related to decreased risk of prostate cancer [ 15 , 39 ] and have a direct effect on GLUT-1 levels and glucose uptake.…”

Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products in the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review

“…Advances in technique may also contribute to purification of isothiocyanates from Moringa oleifera Lam., a tropical plant widely used in traditional medicines and as a food supplement [ 88 ]. Though not reported in RCC, flavonols (kaempferol, fisetin and myricetin) play a role in reducing risks for advanced prostate cancer but show no effect on bladder cancer susceptibility [ 89 ]. Interestingly, fisetin, as well as chelerythrine are also reported to be important supplements for poultry to avoid heat stress-associated morbidities and spotty liver disease, respectively [ 90 , 91 ].…”

Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activity of the Ethanolic Extract from the Aerial Part of Crocus alatavicus Regel & Semen Growing Wildly in Southern Kazakhstan

“…It is worth noting that the spontaneous flora of Kazakhstan, consisting of many endemic and rare species [ 20 , 21 ], can be regarded as a rich source of several, not fully explored medicinal plants with novel potential applications [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Therefore, attempts have been made to introduce them for cultivation [ 30 ].…”