The son of a Cambridge economist and a student of Alfred Marshall, Keynes was raised to believe in the benefits of market forces and competition. Yet, Keynes went on to become the great exponent of state intervention in the economy. In arguing in favor of state intervention, however, Keynes also contended that the profit-motive provided "social and psychological justification for significant inequalities of income and wealth." A paradoxical figure, Keynes lived a life of wealth and privilege while always showing concern for the social effects of capitalism. In exploring Keynes's ideas, we trace his intellectual development from his first public work The Economic Consequences of the Peace through to his seminal work The General Theory of Employment Interest and Money. In doing so, we also explore how Keynes's work stimulated a powerful anti-Keynesian tradition through the rebuttals penned by Friedrich August Hayek,