Kajian Morfologi, Sitologi, dan Struktur Anatomi Daun Nepenthes spp. asal Kalimantan Barat

Abstract

The objective was to describe morphology, structure of anatomy, and cytology characters of the five species as well as to determine their differences each other. In the present study five Nepenthes from West Kalimantan were evaluated: N. veitchii, N. negleta, N. bicalcarata, N. clipeata, and N. hirsuta. Morfology analysis of five species Nepenthes showed different morphology in particular shape of pitcher that each species have a unique pitcher. Cytology analysis showed high variation between species. In general, it was demonstrated that N. bicalcarata tended to have bigger epidermal cells and stomata. N. bicalcarata had aktinocytik tipe of stomata and N. clipeata, N. veitchii, N. hirsuta, and N. negleta had anomocytik tipe of stomata. Stomata only had on the lower surface except N. negleta had stomata on the upper too. N. negleta had the higher of density and index stomata. The result of transversal showed variation of mesofil tissue (parenchim of palisade and spons). Epidermis cell was conducted in one layer with hipoepidermis cell more than one layer with the biggest size than epidermis cell. N. veitchii had more tricoma from the others species.

Anatomical Characters Used for Defining Five Species of Nepenthes from Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia

“…Although the adaxial epidermal cells of N. mirabilis are shorter compare with those of N. reinwardtiana and N. gracilis, they are not significantly distinct from those of N. ampularia and N. rafflesiana ( Table 1). The epidermal cells of abaxial surface tends to be longer than those of the adaxial surface (Table 1), this is similar to the case of Nepenthes species found in West Borneo (N. veitchii, N. bicalcarata, N. clipeata, N. neglecta, and N. hirsuta) [17]. A spherical channel-like structure of hydathodes are sparsely distributed on the epidermis of adaxial leaves ( Figure 2).…”

“…The Nepenthes species col-313 Volume 8 | Number 3 | September | 2018 lected from Bangka Belitung Islands have similar type of epidermal cells in both adaxial and abaxial side of the leaves, except for N. ampullaria, which has epidermal cells with a sinuous wall on the abaxial and straight wall on the adaxial leaf surface ( Figure 1). However, this case is also found in the leaves of Nepenthes bicalcarata from West Borneo, which also have epidermal cells with a straight wall in the adaxial leaf and sinuous wall in the abaxial side of the leaf [17]. The species N. gracilis has a slightly sinuous wall in the epider-mal cells in both abaxial and adaxial surface of the leaves; the other three species have a straight wall of epidermal cell in both abaxial and adaxial surface of the leaves (Figure 1).…”

“…The stomata observed at the leaf transverse section did not showed variation among the observed species (N. gracilis, N. ampullaria, N. mirabilis, N. rafflesiana, and N. reinwardtiana), the stomata are protruding above the epidermal cell layer ( Figure 7F). Although the stomata that sunken below the surface of epidermis may occur among the Nepenthes [17], this type of stomata was not found in the five species of Nepenthes ob-served.…”

“…Nepenthes do not specifically have anomositic stomata, another stomata type occur in this genus. The species of N. bicalcarata has actinocytic stomata, the guard cells are surrounded by a circle of radiating subsidiary cells [17]. Multicellular nonglandular and multicellular glandular trichomes are found on both abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces of the Nepenthes species from Bangka Belitung Islands ( Table 2).…”

“…The structure of leaf transverse section composes of one layer of epidermal cells with a thin cuticle at the outer layer (Figure 7). The thickness of cuticle is diverse among the species of Nepenthes and is influenced by the environment [17]. The cuticle on Nepenthes is a waxy structure that has a function in reducing evaporation.…”