2008
DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.206
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Kallmann syndrome

Abstract: The Kallmann syndrome (KS) combines hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) with anosmia. This is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease. KAL1, encoding the extracellular glycoprotein anosmin-1, is responsible for the X chromosome-linked recessive form of the disease. Mutations in FGFR1 or FGF8, encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 and fibroblast growth factor-8, respectively, underlie an autosomal dominant form with incomplete penetrance. Finally, mutations in PROKR2 and PROK2, encoding prokine… Show more

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Cited by 214 publications
(177 citation statements)
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“…The frequencies of more common disorders are 1 in 500 to 700 for Klinefelter syndrome; 1 in 1000 to 4000 for fragile X syndrome; 1 in 5000 to 10 000 for Marfan syndrome; and 1 in 8000 to 10 000 for Kallman syndrome. [18][19][20][21] Other non-STI-related male genital issues that occur during adolescence include gynecomastia (40%-65% of male teenagers), testicular torsion (8.6 per 100 000 males 10 -19 years of age), varicocele (10% of males), and testicular cancer (3.1 in 100 000 males 15-19 years of age). [22][23][24][25][26][27] Early and delayed pubertal timing, including short stature, can result in negative consequences for the developing male.…”
Section: B Alterations In Growth Associated With Pubertymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The frequencies of more common disorders are 1 in 500 to 700 for Klinefelter syndrome; 1 in 1000 to 4000 for fragile X syndrome; 1 in 5000 to 10 000 for Marfan syndrome; and 1 in 8000 to 10 000 for Kallman syndrome. [18][19][20][21] Other non-STI-related male genital issues that occur during adolescence include gynecomastia (40%-65% of male teenagers), testicular torsion (8.6 per 100 000 males 10 -19 years of age), varicocele (10% of males), and testicular cancer (3.1 in 100 000 males 15-19 years of age). [22][23][24][25][26][27] Early and delayed pubertal timing, including short stature, can result in negative consequences for the developing male.…”
Section: B Alterations In Growth Associated With Pubertymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Le syndrome de Kallmann associe un hypogonadisme hypogonadotrope, dû à un déficit en gonadolibérine, et une anosmie (ou hyposmie) accompagnée d'une aplasie des bulbes olfactifs [2]. Le plus souvent, le diagnostic est fait à l'âge de la puberté, devant l'absence d'apparition des caractères sexuels secondaires.…”
Section: … Et Physiopathologiqueunclassified
“…Ce syndrome, hétérogène au plan génétique, peut résulter de la mutation d'un gène unique (KAL1, FGFR1, FGF8, PROKR2, PROK2, CHD7, etc. ), de plusieurs mutations synergiques dans le cadre d'une maladie digénique ou oligogénique comme cela a déjà été montré dans quelques cas, ou encore, plus rarement, s'intégrer dans un syndrome de gènes contigus en rapport avec la délétion de gènes voisins sur un chromosome (région Xp22.3 où se situe KAL1, région 8p11-p12 où se situe FGFR1) [2]. Il peut aussi être associé à la duplication d'un chromosome entier comme nous venons de le montrer par l'analyse des foetus atteints de trisomie 13 ou 18 [10].…”
Section: Une Séquence Pathologique Commune Des Causes Génétiques DIVunclassified
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“…Kallmann syndrome is a neuronal migration disorder characterised by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia or hyposmia [1]. It is generally accepted that defective rhinocephalon development result in olfacto-ry tract abnormalities [2].…”
Section: Case Kallmann Syndrome: Mri Findingsmentioning
confidence: 99%