François-Éric Racicotis Associate Professor of Finance at the Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa. His research interests focus on the problems of measurement errors, specification errors and endogeneity in financial models of returns. He is also interested in developing new methods used for forecasting financial time series − especially hedge fund risk. He has published several books and many articles in quantitative finance and financial econometrics.
Raymond Théoretis Full Professor of Finance at École des sciences de la Gestion, University of Quebec − Montreal (UQAM). His research focuses on banking systemic risk and hedge fund risk. He has published many books in asset pricing and many articles in the banking and hedge fund areas in well-known journals.Correspondence: François-Éric Racicot, Telfer School of Management, CGA-Canada Accounting and Governance Research Centre, University of Ottawa, 55 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5 Canada E-mail: Racicot@telfer.uottawa.ca ABSTRACT Traditional financial institutions as banks follow procyclical risk strategies, that is, they increase their leverage in economic expansions and reduce it in contractions, which leads to a procyclical behaviour for their betas and other risk and financial performance measures. We study the cyclical aspects of hedge fund strategies, an issue quite overlooked in the literature. We rely on two procedures: conditional modelling and Kalman filtering of hedge funds' alpha and beta. We find that hedge fund betas are usually procyclical. Our results also show that the alpha is often high at the beginning of a market upside cycle but, as the demand pressure increases, it progressively shrinks, which suggests that the alpha puzzle ought to be analysed in a dynamic setting.