Kalopanaxsaponin B Ameliorates TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice

Abstract

The stem-bark of Kalopanax pictus (KP, family Araliaceae), of which main constituent is kalopanaxsaponin B, has been used for asthma, rhinitis, and arthritis in Chinese traditional medicine. To clarify anticolitic effect of KP, we examined anti-inflammatory effect of KP extract and kalopanaxsaponin B in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophage and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitic mice. Of KP extracts, KP BuOH-soluble fraction most potently inhibited LPS-induced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α expression, as well as NF-κB activation. However, KP BuOH fraction increased IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. KP BuOH fraction also inhibited colon shortening and myeloperoxidase activity in TNBS-induced colitic mice. KP BuOH fraction also potently inhibited the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as the activation of NF-κB. Kalopanaxsaponin B, a main constituent of KP, inhibited TNBS-induced colonic inflammation, including colon shortening, and TNBS-increased myeloperoxidase activity pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and NF-κB activation in mice. Based on these findings, KP, particularly its main constituent, kalopanaxsaponin B, may ameliorate colitis by inhibiting NF-κB pathway.

Functional Roles of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Macrophage-Mediated Inflammatory Responses

“…Macrophages within tissues play an essential role in the initiation, development, and resolution of inflammation [ 8 – 11 ]. Macrophages are white blood cells that are differentiated from monocytes.…”

Immune-Enhancing Effects of Co-treatment With Kalopanax pictus Nakai Bark and Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner Leaf Extract in a Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Rat Model

“…CLM ( ceriporia lacerata mycelia) plays an immunostimulatory role in macrophages via TLR4-induced TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production ( 35 ). In previous reports, KP treatment inhibited LPS- or TNBS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 expression and production in vitro and in vivo ( 40 , 42 , 43 ). In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that NN reduced inflammation through downregulated proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in LPS- and DSS-induced inflammation model ( 44 – 46 ).…”

“…A previous study reported that Red Platycodon grandiflorus root extract could enhance immunity by increasing the NF-κB phosphorylation level as well as the p38 MAPK-induced NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 cells ( 39 ). KP or herbal mixture including KP showed anti-inflammatory effects by down-regulating IκBα, NF-κB, and JNK/p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways ( 13 , 14 , 40 – 43 ). In addition, NN exerts anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages through inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK pathways ( 44 – 48 ).…”

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“…[49] Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the antiinflammatory action of phytoconstituents: (i) Antioxidative and free radical scavenging activities, (ii) modulation of cellular activities of inflammation related to cells, (iii) modulation of pro-inflammatory enzyme activities, and (iv) modulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression. [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] Phytochemical screening of the RCRE revealed the presence of carbohydrate, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. These phytoconstituents have been found to be effective in various models of IBD and may explain the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of RCRE.…”