Kangenkaryu Prevents the Decrease of Cholinergic Markers Following the Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis Lesion.

Takahashi, Masahide; Sugaya, Kiminobu; Kubota, Keiichi

doi:10.1254/jjp.60.307

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This extract is used to treat symptoms related to blood circulation deficiencies and is well known to reduce blood and plasma viscosity and thereby improve microcirculation (11). Pharmacological evidence demonstrates that KK exhibits biological activities such as platelet aggregation inhibition (12), hypertension suppression (13), and anti-hyperlipidemia (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes-Induced Central Cholinergic Neuronal Loss and Cognitive Deficit Are Attenuated by Tacrine and a Chinese Herbal Prescription, Kangen-Karyu: Elucidation in Type 2 Diabetes db/db Mice

et al. 2011

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Abstract.We investigated the effect of kangen-karyu (KK), a Chinese herbal prescription, on cognitive deficits and central cholinergic systems of type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Seven-week-old db/db (Y-db/db) mice received daily administration of test drugs during an experimental period of 12 weeks. At 18 weeks of age (O-db/db), the animals underwent the water maze test. Compared with age-matched control strain mice (O-m/m), vehicle-treated O-db/db mice showed impaired learning and memory performance. KK (100 -200 mg/kg per day) and the reference drug tacrine (THA: 2.5 mg/kg per day) ameliorated the performance of O-db/db mice without affecting their serum glucose level. O-db/db mice had lower levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and its protein in the brain than O-m/m mice. Expression levels of central cholinergic marker proteins in the hippocampus and the number of cholinergic cells in the medial septum and basal forebrain were also significantly lower in O-db/db than in O-m/m mice, whereas no significant differences in the expression levels of these factors and the cell number were found between Y-m/m and Y-db/db mice. KK and THA treatment significantly reversed the down-regulated levels of cholinergic markers, choline acetyltransferase-positive cell number, and BDNF expression in db/db mice. These findings suggest that KK as well as THA prevents diabetes-induced cognitive deficits by attenuating dysfunction of central cholinergic systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes-Induced Central Cholinergic Neuronal Loss and Cognitive Deficit Are Attenuated by Tacrine and a Chinese Herbal Prescription, Kangen-Karyu: Elucidation in Type 2 Diabetes db/db Mice

et al. 2011

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“…4) However, the pharmacological mechanisms of KGK in improving microcirculation had not been studied. In the present study, we discuss the anti-thrombotic effect of KGK by evaluating its in vivo effects on the coagulation system and platelet-aggregative activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Kangen-karyu on Coagulation System and Platelet Aggregation in Mice.

Makino

Wakushima

Okamoto

et al. 2002

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Kangen-karyu (KGK) is a herbal formula created under the theory of traditional Chinese herbal medicine to invigorate the blood and dispel blood stasis. It contains 6 herbs: peony root, cnidium rhizome, safflower, cyperus rhizome, saussurea root (JP XIV), and Salvia miltiorrhiza root. The present study has been conducted to evaluate the in vivo anti-thrombotic activity of KGK using normal mice. Three consecutive days of oral administration of KGK to mice significantly extended tail-bleeding time and suppressed ex vivo platelet aggregation, while it did not extend the prothrombin time of plasma. It was revealed that the anti-thrombotic effects of KGK did not depend on the downregulation of the coagulation system, but depended in part on the inhibition of platelet aggregation. These results explain one of the pharmacological activities of KGK to invigorate the blood and dispel blood stasis.

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“…A previous clinical report showed that KGK improved hypertension, arteriosclerosis, headache and dizziness (Tanaka, 1993), and animal experiments have demonstrated that KGK prolonged the tail-bleeding time, inhibited platelet aggregation in mice (Makino et al, 2002) and suppressed hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (Gao et al, 2001). KGK also recovered the learning and memory impairment in senescence accelerated mouse by preserving the activities of choline acetyltransferase and superoxide dismutase in the cerebellum (Takahashi et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacological interactions between ticlopidine hydrochloride and Kangen‐Karyu – Chinese traditional herbal medicine

Makino

Wakushima

Okamoto

et al. 2003

Phytotherapy Research

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Kangen-Karyu (KGK), containing peony root, cnidium rhizome, saf flower, cyperus rhizome, saussurea root and Salvia miltiorrhiza root, is a Chinese traditional medicine formula to invigorate the 'blood' and dispel 'blood stasis', arising from poor blood circulation. The present study evaluated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacological interactions between KGK and ticlopidine hydrochloride. Ticlopidine was administered orally or intravenously to KGK-treated rats, and its plasma concentrations were measured. KGK did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetic parameters of ticlopidine in rats treated with both oral and intravenous administration. Ticlopidine alone significantly prolonged the mouse tail-bleeding time and adenosine 5'-diphosphate-induced ex vivo platelet aggregation, which was slightly augmented by KGK. It is suggested that the combined therapy of ticlopidine and KGK may augment the antithrombotic effects, and that the dosage of ticlopidine should be reduced to prevent thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, a severe adverse effect of ticlopidine.

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Kangenkaryu Prevents the Decrease of Cholinergic Markers Following the Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis Lesion.

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

Diabetes-Induced Central Cholinergic Neuronal Loss and Cognitive Deficit Are Attenuated by Tacrine and a Chinese Herbal Prescription, Kangen-Karyu: Elucidation in Type 2 Diabetes db/db Mice

Diabetes-Induced Central Cholinergic Neuronal Loss and Cognitive Deficit Are Attenuated by Tacrine and a Chinese Herbal Prescription, Kangen-Karyu: Elucidation in Type 2 Diabetes db/db Mice

Effects of Kangen-karyu on Coagulation System and Platelet Aggregation in Mice.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacological interactions between ticlopidine hydrochloride and Kangen‐Karyu – Chinese traditional herbal medicine

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