Kantasaamen sensiivisen *-kše̮-johtimen kehityksestä ja edustuksesta nykysaamessa

Abstract

The article discusses Saami censive verbs containing the suffixal element -š-, such as North Saami guhkášit ​‘consider (too) long’ (of guhkki ‘long’). The occurrence of individual derivatives and derivational subtypes across the Saami languages are studied on the basis of extensive dictionary data, and the outlines of the historical development of the derivational type are sketched. Considering the Inari Saami verbs of type viššâlšukšâđ ‘consider diligent’ and data from past centuries, it is argued that the derivational type goes back to Proto-Saami *-kše̮-, which, in turn, is a loan suffix from Finnic (cf. Finnish kummeksua ‘find something odd’ ← kumma ‘odd’, halveksia ‘despise’ ← halpa ‘cheap’).

On the distribution and history of Saami verbal derivatives in -š-

“…This study is a continuation of two previous analyses on North Saami verbal derivatives with a suffixal element -š-and their cognate types in other Saami languages (Koponen & Kuokkala 2021;2022). The previous articles covered the two morphologically and functionally most clearly definable types.…”

“…This type of loan substitution has led to the Saami verb suffix *-e̮ šše̮ -~ *-āšše̮ -in SaaN máinnašit, ánssášit (see Section 4) and the censive *-kše̮ -as in nuorašit 'to consider (too) young' (← Finnic -ksi-, -ksU-; see Koponen & Kuokkala 2022). The *-(V)še̮ -suffix type does not have an equally obvious loan origin.…”

“…This section presents an analysis of the quadrisyllabic verbs with suffixal -š-that have not been dealt with previously as censive verbs on the grounds of their form or semantics (in Koponen & Kuokkala 2022). These verbs employ a suffix of the type *-(C)uše̮ -(or *-(C)e̮ še̮ -), where the initial consonant may reflect the margin consonant of the base stem or an analogical consonant characteristic of a certain derivational subtype.…”

“…SaaL mávsatjit, SaaSk maausčed), can be traced back to Proto-Saami *-(e̮ )kče̮ -: *-(e̮ )hče̮ -2 and further to Proto-Uralic *-kśi- (Koponen & Kuokkala 2021;Korhonen 1981: 337-338;Aikio 2022: 20). The second type consists of the censive 3 verbs, such as guhkášit 'to consider (too) long' (← guhkki 'long'), which through comparative evidence can be reconstructed as Proto-Saami *-kše̮ -: *-šše̮ -and ultimately considered a Finnic loan type (Koponen & Kuokkala 2022;Itkonen 1980: 27-28). This analysis aims to address the rest of the lexical material, which is semantically more vague and appears to have historically diverse backgrounds.…”