kaolin and their application in removing heavy metals ions from real municipal wastewater.

Abstract

The global demand for clean water is greater than ever before, necessitating improved water treatment technology. According to the World Health Organization, each year, 2.2 million individuals lose their lives to diseases related to diarrhea, with many of these cases which caused by waterborne infections. Kaolin clay minerals, specifically those which belonging to the smectite group, that have a wide range of applications in the environment, chemical, industrial and other sectors. This paper focuses on the use of naturally occurring kaolin clay in batch experiments to assess its efficiency in removing Fe, Cu, Cr, and Zn ions heavy metals from real municipal wastewater. The results indicate that kaolin clay demonstrates effective removal efficiencies across different concentration ranges and pH levels ranging from 3 to 12. For the initial treatment, the maximum recovery efficiencies that reach79%, 96%, 75%, and 100% for Fe, Cu, Cr, and Zn respectively for the first treatment.