Kaomoji and Expressivity in a Japanese Housewives’ Chat Room

19. Micro-linguistic structural features of computer-mediated communication

“…Moreover, Danet, Ruedenberg-Wright, and Rosenbaum-Tamari (1997) included a section on the use of emoticons in chat, and del-Teso-Craviotto (2006) addressed, among other things, features such as emoticons and acronyms in Spanish and English dating chats. Works completely or partly devoted to microlinguistic features of chat communication in languages other than English include Anis (1999b) for French, Aschwanden (2001), Beißwenger (2001Beißwenger ( , 2007, and Bader (2002) for German, Hård af Segerstad (2002) for Swedish, Kotilainen 3 (2002) for Finnish, and Shirai (2006) and Katsuno and Yano (2007) for Japanese. (On language use in chat, see also Paolillo and Zelenkauskaite, this volume).…”

“…In contrast to traditional "Western-style 'smileys'" (Danet and Herring 2007b: 13), defined as in the quote from the Oxford English Dictionary Online above, "kaomoji" or "Japanese-style emoticons" (Katsuno and Yano 2007; see also Nishimura 2007;Shirai 2006;Siever 2006), which are also called "Asian style" emoticons (Lee 2007: 203) or "[v]ertical emoticons" (Lee 2007: 205), have never had to be read sideways (Nishimura 2007;Shirai 2006). For example, (^_^), (^ ^), (^^), and (^o^) are among the many different vertical emoticons representing a smile (Katsuno and Yano 2007;Schlobinski and Watanabe 2003).…”

“…For example, (^_^), (^ ^), (^^), and (^o^) are among the many different vertical emoticons representing a smile (Katsuno and Yano 2007;Schlobinski and Watanabe 2003). Lee (2007: 205) reports that both Western-style and Asian-style emoticons occur in instant messaging and email communication in Hong Kong, noting that "[v]ertical emoticons are more common in Hong Kong CMC than are horizontal ones".…”

Constructing Glocal Identities Through Multilingual Writing Practices on Flickr.com®

“…It is reported that over 70% of "netizens" (i.e., active users of the Internet) speak a language other than English (Internet World Stats, 2010). In view of this, research on computer-mediated communication (CMC) has also moved from analyzing English-based data to examining issues of multilingualism in different modes of CMC, including e-mail (Warschauer, El Said, & Zohry, 2007), diasporic discussion forums (Androutsopoulos, 2007), chatrooms (Katsuno & Yano, 2007), and instant messaging (Lee, 2007). This body of research provides strong evidence for the growing status of languages other than English on the Internet.…”

Performing and Positioning Orthography in Peruvian CMC

“…The notion of performativity in CMC has been analyzed previously, mostly with respect to the use of humor and language play, in Danet, Ruedenberg‐Wright and Rosenbaum‐Tamari (), Katsuno and Yano (), and Mayans (), among others.…”