Kaon condensation and Goldstone's theorem

Schäfer, Thomas; Son, D.; Stephanov, Mikhail; Toublan, D.; Verbaarschot, J. J. M.

doi:10.1016/s0370-2693(01)01265-5

Cited by 147 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Furthermore we can now smoothly connect the dispersion relations of each state when traversing the different regions of the phase diagram. Our result is in agreement with the Chada-Nielsen [23] counting scheme as well as with recent studies related to the physics of color superconductivity [25,26].…”

Section: Vector Condensation At Nonzero Chemical Potential a Toysupporting

confidence: 92%

Relativistic massive vector condensation

Sannino

Schäfer

2002

Physics Letters B

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At sufficiently high chemical potential massive relativistic spin one fields condense. This phenomenon leads to the spontaneous breaking of rotational invariance while linking it to the breaking of internal symmetries. We study the relevant features of the phase transition and the properties of the generated Goldstone excitations. The interplay between the internal symmetry of the vector fields and their Lorentz properties is studied. We predict that new phases set in when vectors condense in Quantum Chromodynamics like theories.

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Section: Vector Condensation At Nonzero Chemical Potential a Toysupporting

confidence: 92%

Relativistic massive vector condensation

Sannino

Schäfer

2002

Physics Letters B

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“…This term is then responsible for the modification of the GB dispersion. In addition to Leutwyler's results, Schaefer et al [3] proved that nonzero ground-state density of a commutator of two broken charges is a necessary condition for an abnormal number of GBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Two classic examples of systems where the type-II GBs occur are the ferromagnet and the so-called A phase of superfluid 3 He. The issue of GBs in Lorentz-noninvariant theories has regained considerable interest in the past decade due to the discovery of several other systems exhibiting the existence of type-II GBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These fall into two wide classes: Relativistic systems at finite density and intrinsically nonrelativistic systems. The first class includes various color-superconducting phases of dense quark matter-the color-flavor-locked (CFL) phase with a kaon condensate [2,3] and the two-flavor color superconductor [4]-as well as the Bose-Einstein condensation of relativistic Bose gases [5,6] and the relativistic nuclear ferromagnet [7]. The second class covers the before mentioned ferromagnet and superfluid helium, and the rapidly developing field of the Bose-Einstein condensation of dilute atomic gases with several internal degrees of freedom [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Goldstone bosons in presence of charge density

Brauner

2007

Phys. Rev. D

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We investigate spontaneous symmetry breaking in Lorentz-noninvariant theories. Our general discussion includes relativistic systems at finite density as well as intrinsically nonrelativistic systems. The main result of the paper is a direct proof that nonzero density of a non-Abelian charge in the ground state implies the existence of a Goldstone boson with nonlinear (typically, quadratic) dispersion law. We show that the Goldstone boson dispersion relation may in general be extracted from the current transition amplitude and demonstrate on examples from recent literature, how the calculation of the dispersion relation is utilized by this method. After then, we use the general results to analyze the nonrelativistic degenerate Fermi gas of four fermion species. Due to its internal SU(4) symmetry, this system provides an analog to relativistic two-color quantum chromodynamics with two quark flavors. In the end, we extend our results to pseudo-Goldstone bosons of an explicitly broken symmetry.

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“…There is a transfer of the conformal symmetry information from the potential term to the vanishing of the velocity of the gapless excitations related to the would be gapless states. This conversion is due to the linear time-derivative term induced by the presence of the chemical potential term [12,18].…”

Section: A the Non Derivative Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

General structure of relativistic vector condensation

Sannino

2003

Phys. Rev. D

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We study relativistic massive vector condensation due to a non zero chemical potential associated to some of the global conserved charges of the theory. We show that the phase structure is very rich. More specifically there are three distinct phases depending on the value of one of the zero chemical potential vector self interaction terms. We also develop a formalism which enables us to investigate the vacuum structure and dispersion relations in the spontaneously broken phase of the theory. We show that in a certain limit of the couplings and for large chemical potential the theory is not stable. This limit, interestingly, corresponds to a gauge type limit often employed to economically describe the ordinary vector mesons self interactions in QCD. We finally indicate for which physical systems our analysis is relevant.

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Kaon condensation and Goldstone's theorem

Cited by 147 publications

References 24 publications

Relativistic massive vector condensation

Relativistic massive vector condensation

Goldstone bosons in presence of charge density

General structure of relativistic vector condensation

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