KAP Study on Thyroid Disorders (Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism) in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Maheshwari, P.; Mohan, Rani; Shanmugarajan, T. S.

doi:10.5958/0974-360x.2017.00010.5

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction was TSH dependent on first line investigation after clinical examination of our patients. (19,41) In this study, TSH is low at 44.3% of our patients, high at35.7% and normal in 20% of them. This specifies that functionally hyperthyroid presentations are more than hypothyroid.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

“…Though there is some studies referred to cosmetics containing thyromimetic substances used by females may play a role in thyroid disease and in other different employees may be related type of stress of works and burden of life may prone them to this disorders but actually till now this is not proved and still no study done in our region to support or reject these findings. (20,21) In terms of residency, as the prevalence and incidence of thyroid disorders depends on geographic areas and most importantly the amount of iodine intake of the population (19). In the current study, Only four out of ten of the patients are from the city center of Sulymaniyah.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…In female patients higher number seen in same manner age groups, but in male patients more seen in 40 (2,18) on the other hand disagree with two other study findings by Jimmy Antony et al 2014 and Maheshwari P et al 2017 . (17,19) We can observe that we are more prone to thyroid diseases at an earlier age than other developed countries and its cause may be multifactorial including diet, genetics and water supply. In regards to occupation, housewives were 70.4% followed by employee 20%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the clinical concern about the non-malignant thyroid disorders in Sulaimaniyah city “ Kurdistan Region “ Iraq

Shakor¹

2020

Kufa Jour. Nurs. Sci.

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Background: Non-malignant thyroid disorder is a common problem in many parts of the globe and affects different organ systems of the human body even proved to cause growth and mental retardation .These disorders are differences in frequency of clinical forms in iodine deficiency and saturated areas in iodine of the world. Sulaimaniyah city, Kurdistan Region- North Iraq is a known mountainous iodine deficient region. Aim of the study: was undertaken with an objective to assess the spectrum of clinical concern of non-malignant euthyroid disorders in correlation with thyroid serological blood tests in Sulaimaniyah city. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted for the clinical presentation, risk factors and different hematological investigations in patients attending surgical private clinic in Sulaimaniyah. On 115 patients (101 female & 14 males) of non-malignant thyroid disorders during the period of six months from July 1st to December 31st 2018; They were subjected to detailed clinical examination and biochemical blood tests. Result: From 115 patients (female/male ratios: 7/1) presented with the functional classification thyroid disorder as follows: Hyperthyroidism 44.3%, hypothyroidism 35.7% and with clinical thyroid enlargement or nodule but thyroid (functionally with normal thyroid function tests) 20%. The most common age of presentation is between 20-40 years, followed by 20 years. Female marital state, number of childbearing and a different geographical region in the city has no significant role in the different thyroid disorders. Body Mass Index (BMI) in 88.7% of the patients was above normal

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the clinical concern about the non-malignant thyroid disorders in Sulaimaniyah city “ Kurdistan Region “ Iraq

Shakor¹

2020

Kufa Jour. Nurs. Sci.

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“…Thyroid diseases are one of the most common endocrine disorders in the world. 32 Goiters: It is the condition where the neck area is bulged. It is of toxic goiter and non-toxic goiter.…”

Section: Some Of the Most Common Thyroid Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Hormones in the Human Body: A review

Rajalakshmi¹,

Begam²

2021

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

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Thyroid gland is an essential endocrine gland that is present in the human body. This review highlights the production, regulation and disease conditions of the thyroid hormones. The thyroid gland is controlled with the help of hypothalamus and the pituitary gland that is present in the brain. The production of thyroid hormones involves five main steps such synthesis of thyroglobulin (TG), iodide uptake, iodination of thyroglobulin, storage and release. The two important hormones produced by the thyroid gland are Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine(T3). These two hormones are iodine containing derivatives. Deficiency of iodine in the body results in the reduction of T3 and T4 production. Excess and deficiency of these two hormones result in the major diseases like Hyper and Hypothyroidism. The synthetic forms of Thyroxine(T4) and Triiodothyronine(T3) used in the Pharmaceutical field are Levothyroxine and Liothyronine. Women are most commonly prone to these thyroid diseases comparatively to men. Undiagnosed disease conditions may become fatal. Levothyroxine therapy is commonly used for thyroidism which is a similar synthetic thyroid hormone. Also natural thyroid hormones that are obtained from the dried thyroid glands of animals are available. Thyroid function test and the measurement of T3, T4 plasma level becomes essential for the identification and regular maintenance of thyroid hormones in the body and human well-being.

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“…Evidences show that, most of the patients in Meerut and central India are having poor knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards hypothyroidism and its management (Rai et al, 2016;Mithal et al, 2014). The lack in KAP among patients was majorly due to, deprived knowledge about trustworthy sources of information, inadequate education, wrong beliefs, and very less amount of time spent by the doctor in counselling of the patients (Maheshwari et al, 2017) The KAP and medication adherence (MA) plays a vital role in achieving good clinical outcomes, preventing complications, reducing morbidity and mortality associated with hypothyroidism. Evidence shows that, pharmacist plays a important role in providing counseling services to patients suffering with various chronic disorders (hypertension and diabetes) and to achieve positive economical, clinical and humanistic (ECHO) outcomes (Palo and Kish, 2018;Shareef and Fernandes, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of pharmacist directed counseling on knowledge, attitude, practices and medication adherence among hypothyroidism patients: a quasi-experimental design

Narayana¹,

Mallela²,

Devanna³

2019

ijrps

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The pharmacist plays an important role in providing counseling services to patients suffering with various chronic disorders and to improve health outcomes. The study aims to evaluate the effect of pharmacist mediated counseling on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) and medication adherence (MA) among hypothyroidism patients attending outpatient department of a secondary care referral hospital. This is a Quasi-Experimental design without control. A total of 403 patients were enrolled and subjected for KAP assessment by pre-validated questionnaire, and medication adherence levels by pill count and visual analogue scale methods. All patients were counselled by the pharmacist regarding hypothyroidism and its management. After three months, post-KAP and medication adherence levels were measured. Chi-square test was used to compare the adequacy of KAP levels. The paired t-test was used to compare mean medication adherence and mean KAP percentage levels. The mean KAP percentage levels were significantly improved after counselling (80.5±16.4; 86.2±15.7; 67.5±13.8) compared to before (34.1±21.7; 33.8±22.9; 24.5±20.9) with a P value less than <0.0001. There was a significant improvement in mean medication adherence levels measured by visual analogue scale method and pill count method after counselling (92.4±4.8, 97.4±3.2) compared to before counselling (76.8±6.8, 80.3±6.4). The study illustrates how pharmacist plays an integral part in improving medication adherence and KAP towards hypothyroidism management. Improving KAP and medication adherence levels will promote positive clinical outcomes and prevents complications associated with hypothyroidism.

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KAP Study on Thyroid Disorders (Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism) in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of the clinical concern about the non-malignant thyroid disorders in Sulaimaniyah city “ Kurdistan Region “ Iraq

Assessment of the clinical concern about the non-malignant thyroid disorders in Sulaimaniyah city “ Kurdistan Region “ Iraq

Thyroid Hormones in the Human Body: A review

Impact of pharmacist directed counseling on knowledge, attitude, practices and medication adherence among hypothyroidism patients: a quasi-experimental design

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