Kapasitas Ketahanan Masyarakat Dalam Menghadapi Bencana Pandemi Covid-19 Di Wilayah Perkotaan (Studi Kasus: Kampung Krasak RT 16, RW 04, Kelurahan Kotabaru, Kecamatan Gondokusuman, Kota Yogyakarta)

Abstract

This research was intended to determined community capacity and strategies to enhanced resilience amid the devastating Covid-19 pandemic in urban areas.Community capacity was measured using quantitative and qualitative assessment methods. The former included a questionnaire survey of every member of the Covid-19 task force at the neighborhood level (census), while the latter collected qualitative data through field surveys and in-depth interviews. Community capacity served as the dependent variable, and the independent variables were threefold: preparedness capacity, adaptive capacity, and mitigation capacity. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively through statistical calculations (validity, reliability, and linear regression tests), then the descriptive analysis of the qualitative data complemented the results. Both validity and reliability tests yielded r-count>r-table for each variable (reliability= 0.427>0.339), meaning that the data were valid and reliable. Further, the analysis produced three community capacity levels: 44% high, 29% medium, and 27% low. Based on the highest percentage, it could be inferred that the community had very good capacity, it was showed that recilience was quite high. The linear regression test revealed interdependent variables with Sig.<0.05, rejecting the null hypothesis (Ho). With a level of influence of 48%, mitigation capacity was found to had the most significant influence (R2) among the research variables. Practicing health protocols, increasing media for information dissemination, and strengthening the community’s socioeconomic state were among the recommended strategies to increased capacity. ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kapasitas masyarakat serta strategi peningkatan kapasitas ketahanan masyarakat dalam menghadapi bencana pandemi Covid-19 di wilayah perkotaan.Metode pendekatan untuk mengetahui kapasitas masyarakat dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Pendekatan kuantitiatif dengan pendekatan kuesioner. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara sensus yaitu populasi anggota satgas Covid-19 tingkat RT, dengan teknik pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner. Sedangkan data kualitatif diperoleh dengan survei lapangan dan wawancara mendalam. Variabel dependen berupa kapsitas masyarakat sedangkan variabel independen mencakup kapasitas kesiapan, kapasitas bertahan hidup (adaptasi) dan kapasitas mitigasi. Kemudian data dianalisis secara kuantitaitf melalui perhitungan statistik (uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, dan uji regresi linier) dan didukung secara kualitiatif melalui analisis deskriptif.Berdasarkan uji statistik variabel penelitian menunjukkan nilai r hitung pada setiap variabel pertanyaan kuesioner > r tabel sehingga data valid, sedangkan reliabilitas data menunjukkan r hitung > r tabel yaitu 0,427 > 0,339 sehingga data reliabel. Analisis kapasitas masyarakat menunjukkan 44% kelas tinggi, 29% kelas sedang, dan 27% kelas rendah, sehingga kapasitas masyarakat sudah sangat baik dengan ketahanan yang cukup tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dengan pendekatan linier, variabel saling berpengaruh dengan nilai Sig. < 0,05 (Ho ditolak), sedangkan R Square pengaruh paling besar adalah variabel mitigasi dengan tingkat pengaruh 48%. Strategi peningkatan kapasitas ketahanan masyarakat dapat dilakukan dengan penerapan protokol kesehatan, peningkatan media informasi, dan penguatan sosial ekonomi masyarakat

Resilience of Urban Poor Community to COVID-19 Disaster in Panjang, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia

“…Mitigation capacity is a series of activities to minimize disaster risk through physical development as well as awareness of increasing capacity to deal with disasters, as well as other efforts in order to minimize disaster risks (NBFDM, 2016; Suherningtyas et al, 2021). According to Law No.…”

“…Meanwhile, adaptive capacity is the ability exercised by the community to make adjustments to the changes that occur as a result of a disaster (Smit and Wandel, 2006). Mitigation capacity is the community's ability to minimize disaster risk through physical and non-physical development (Suherningtyas et al, 2021).…”

“…In the event of crisis, the community must be able to employ their resilience capacity by encouraging the growth of different abilities, perspectives, and tools that help people deal with and overcome challenges (Chisty and Rahman, 2020). The community resilience capacity in dealing with disasters can be seen from the capacity of preparedness, adaptation and mitigation in natural disasters (Setiawan, 2014;Ruslanjari et al, 2020) as well as in non-natural disasters, such as technological failure (Ishwitari et al, 2020) and pandemic outbreak (Suherningtyas et al, 2021). In addition, community resilience in facing disasters can be viewed from certain forms of capacity, such as preparedness and mitigation (Thorup-Binger and Charania, 2019; Prihananto and Muta'ali, 2013;), adaptation and mitigation (Maarif, 2011), adaptation and preparedness (Jaswadi and Hadi, 2016), adaptation (Wahyono et al, 2013;Smit and Wandel, 2006;Sibuea and Artiningsih, 2011;Asrofi et al, 2017), and mitigation (Chisty and Rahman, 2020).…”

Spatial Analysis of Economic Resilience in Urban Areas During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Case Study: Wonosari, Gunungkidul, Indoensia) Analisis Spasial Ketahanan Ekonomi di Wilayah Perkotaan selama Pandemi COVID-19 (Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Gunungkidul Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta)

“…Variabel sosial ekonomi menunjukkan kondisi sosial ekonomi rumah tangga responden dalam lokasi penelitian. Kondisi ini terkait tingkat pendidikan, pendapatan, kepemilikan aset, status kepemilikan tempat tinggal, ketrampilan, pekerjaan, serta pengetahuan tentang Covid-19 (Suherningtyas, Pitoyo and ..., 2021). Variabel sosial ekonomi telah banyak digunakan sebagai variabel dalam menentukan ketahanan ekonomi, hal ini tentu saja karena terkait dengan adanya kondisi sosial ekonomi yang baik seperti pendapatan cukup tinggi, tidak memiliki hutang, memiliki ketrampilan, aktif bekerja, kondisi permukiman (Permatasari, Suherningtyas and et all, 2022), serta telah tercukupi kebutuhan primer (sandang, papan, pangan) dapat mendukung kondisi ketahanan ekonomi yang baik pada masa terjadinya pandemi Covid-19 (Cutter dkk., 2008;Briguglio dkk., 2009;Cardona dkk., 2010;Graziano, 2013;Chan, Wey and Chang, 2014;Estoque and Murayama, 2014).…”

“…bidang geografi yang membahas fenomena geografis secara keruangan pada suatu wilayah (Pagsuyoin et al, 2019;Hossain and Meng, 2020). Pola keruangan suatu wilayah yang disajikan dalam bentuk visual dengan pemetaan dapat memudahkan dalam membaca kondisi wilayah sehingga mempermudah proses analisis selanjutnya (Golledge, 2009;Suherningtyas et al, 2021). Visualisasi hasil pemetaan dapat menggunakan perangkat Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) (Goodchild, 2009).…”