“…Memes often use humour and absurdity to parody certain politicians, and thus discredit and sometimes attack them. The low public trust in government during the pandemic and a negative assessment of their actions could have, historically speaking, resulted from the political repressions of society during communism (Mularska-Kucharek, 2011), which shows that past events and the collective identity may determine relations between the authorities and citizens (Makhortykh & Gonzalez Aguilar, 2020). Polish tradition of humour and political satire, which can be observed in political memes, is strongly rooted in socialism and "a typical feature of Polish COVID-19 humour are references to the country's post-socialist legacy" and the polarization of authorities-society relations (Chłopicki & Brzozowski, 2021, p. 209).…”