Kaposi’s sarcoma in children: An open randomised trial of vincristine, oral etoposide and a combination of vincristine and bleomycin

Chagaluka, George; Stanley, Christopher C.; Banda, Kondwani Joseph; Depani, Sarita; Nijram’madzi, Jenala; Katangwe, Thembi; Israëls, Trijn; Bailey, Simon; Mukaka, Mavuto; Molyneux, Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2014.02.019

Cited by 29 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Cytotoxic chemotherapy represents the standard of care for KS [104] including in children [105]. DNA damaging agents, such as doxorubicin are effective in 60–80% of KS in the US, which conversely implies that state of the art therapy fails in up to a third of KS patients (Figure 2).…”

Section: Update On Treatment Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma

2017

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Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is the most common neoplasm of people living with HIV today. In Sub-Saharan Africa KS is among the most common cancers in men, overall. Not only HIV+ individuals present with KS; any immune compromised person infected with Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) or human herpesvirus 8 is at risk: the elderly, children in KSHV-endemic areas, and transplant recipients. KS diagnosis is based on detection of the viral protein LANA in the biopsy, but not all cases of KS are the same or will respond to the same therapy. Standard KS therapy has not changed in 20 years, but newer modalities are on the horizon and will be discussed.

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Section: Update On Treatment Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma

2017

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“…In Malawi, our group demonstrated the possible existence of KS subtypes defined by KSHV transcription either limited to latency loci or extending across the viral genome [31]. Other groups have provided novel descriptions of pediatric KS [32**–34], a distinct form of KS frequently characterized by lymphadenopathy and peripheral blood cytopenias, which is highly geographically restricted to SSA where HIV and KSHV are prevalent and both often acquired during childhood [35**]. …”

Section: Kaposi Sarcomamentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-associated malignancies in sub-Saharan Africa

Chinula

Moses

Gopal

2017

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

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Purpose of review Summarize recent developments for HIV-associated malignancies (HIVAM) in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) with particular focus on sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Recent findings Antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up is leading to epidemiologic transitions in LMIC similar to high-income countries, with aging and growth of HIV-infected populations, declining infectious deaths, increasing cancer deaths, and transitions from AIDS-defining cancers (ADC) to non-AIDS defining cancers (NADC). Despite ART scale-up, HIVAM burden remains high including enormous ADC burden in SSA. For Kaposi sarcoma (KS), patients treated with ART and chemotherapy can experience good outcomes even in rural SSA, but KS heterogeneity remains insufficiently understood including virologic, immunologic, and inflammatory features which may be unique to LMIC. For cervical cancer, scale-up of prevention efforts including vaccination and screening is underway, with benefits already apparent despite continuing high disease burden. For non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), curative treatment is possible in the ART era even in SSA, and multifaceted approaches can improve outcomes further. For many other prevalent HIVAM, care and research efforts are being established to guide treatment and prevention specifically in LMIC. Summary Sustained investment for HIVAM in LMIC can help catalyze a cancer care and research agenda which benefits HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients worldwide.

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“…Cancer mortality in HIV-infected children remains high in resource-limited countries. Median survival in HIV-infected children and adolescents with Kaposi sarcoma (KS) was less than six months in a recent trial from Malawi [3]. In Uganda, median survival in HIV-infected children with Burkitt lymphoma was 11.8 months [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-associated malignancies in children

Singh

Naidu

Davies

et al. 2017

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

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Purpose of review HIV-infected children are at increased risk of developing cancer. Many of the cancers in HIV-infected children are linked to immunosuppression and oncogenic co-infections. Worldwide most HIV-infected children live in sub-Saharan Africa, but cancer data for this population are scarce. In this article we review the current literature on the epidemiology and prevention of cancer in HIV-infected children. Recent findings Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduces the risk of developing cancer in HIV-infected children. Cancer risk remains increased in children who start cART at older ages or more advanced immunosuppression as compared to children who start cART at younger age and with mild immunosuppression. Starting cART before severe immunosuppression develops is key to prevent cancer in HIV-infected children but most children in low-income countries start cART at severe immunosuppression levels. Vaccination against high risk variants of human papilloma virus may protect again HPV-associated cancer later in life. However, tailoring of HPV-vaccination guidelines for HIV-infected children and young women awaits answers to determine the best vaccination strategies. Summary Better data on the short and long-term risk of developing cancer and the effects of preventive measures in HIV-infected children from regions with high burden of HIV/AIDS are urgently needed.

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Kaposi’s sarcoma in children: An open randomised trial of vincristine, oral etoposide and a combination of vincristine and bleomycin

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

Diagnosis and Treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma

Diagnosis and Treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma

HIV-associated malignancies in sub-Saharan Africa

HIV-associated malignancies in children

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