Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus, <scp>HIV</scp>‐1 and Kaposi sarcoma risk in black South Africans diagnosed with cancer during antiretroviral treatment rollout

Motlhale, Melitah; Muchengeti, Mazvita; Bradshaw, Debbie; Chen, Wenlong Carl; Singini, Mwiza Gideon; Villiers, Chantal Babb de; Lewis, Cathryn M.; Bender, Noemi; Mathew, Christopher; Newton, Robert; Waterboer, Tim; Singh, Elvira; Sitas, Freddy

doi:10.1002/ijc.34454

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For our analysis, we used data from the JCS, the details of which have been described previously 3,27,28 . From 1995 to 2016, the JCS collected information from ~25,000 Black South African patients (male and female).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For our analysis, we used data from the JCS, the details of which have been described previously. 3,27,28 From 1995 to 2016, the JCS collected information from $25,000 Black South African patients (male and female). Eligibility criteria included being 18 years and above, having a newly diagnosed cancer and being referred to medical oncology and radiation therapy wards at hospitals and clinics in Johannesburg.…”

Section: Data Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Antibodies against high‐risk human papillomavirus proteins as markers for noncervical HPV‐related cancers in a Black South African population, according to HIV status

Singini,

Muchengeti,

Sitas

et al. 2024

Intl Journal of Cancer

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human papillomavirus (HPV) proteins may elicit antibody responses in the process toward HPV‐related malignancy. However, HPV seroepidemiology in noncervical HPV‐related cancers remains poorly understood, particularly in populations with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Using a glutathione S‐transferase‐based multiplex serology assay, antibodies against E6, E7 and L1 proteins of HPV16 and HPV18 were measured in sera of 535 cases of noncervical HPV‐related cancers (anal (n = 104), vulval (n = 211), vaginal (n = 49), penile (n = 37) and oropharyngeal (n = 134)) and 6651 non‐infection‐related cancer controls, from the Johannesburg Cancer Study that recruited Black South African with newly diagnosed cancer between 1995 and 2016. Logistic and Poisson regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in cases versus controls. HPV16 E6 was more strongly associated with noncervical HPV‐related cancers than HPV16 L1 or E7, or HPV18 proteins: anal (females (HPV16 E6 aOR = 11.50;95%CI:6.0–22.2), males (aOR = 10.12;95%CI:4.9–20.8), vulval (aOR = 11.69;95%CI:7.9–17.2), vaginal (aOR = 10.26;95%CI:5.0–21), penile (aOR = 18.95;95%CI:8.9–40), and oropharyngeal (females (aOR = 8.95;95%CI:2.9–27.5), males (aOR = 3.49;95%CI:1.8–7.0)) cancers. HPV16‐E6 seropositivity ranged from 24.0% to 35.1% in anal, vulval, vaginal and penile cancer but was significantly lower (11.2%) in oropharyngeal cancer. After adjustment for HIV, prevalence of which increased from 22.2% in 1995–2005 to 54.1% in 2010–2016, HPV16 E6 seropositivity increased by period of diagnosis (aPR for 2010–2016 vs. 1995–2006 = 1.84;95%CI:1.1–3.0). Assuming HPV16 E6 seroprevalence reflects HPV attributable fraction, the proportion of certain noncervical‐HPV‐related cancers caused by HPV is increasing over time in South Africa. This is expected to be driven by the increasing influence of HIV.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies against high‐risk human papillomavirus proteins as markers for noncervical HPV‐related cancers in a Black South African population, according to HIV status

Singini,

Muchengeti,

Sitas

et al. 2024

Intl Journal of Cancer

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Smokeless tobacco (snuff) and site‐specific cancer risks in adult Black South African women: Findings from the Johannesburg Cancer Study

Motlhale,

Sitas,

de Villiers

et al. 2024

Intl Journal of Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is an established carcinogen to the nasal cavity, lip, and oropharynx, however, few studies have examined cancer risks in older African women among whom SLT use is common. We investigated snuff use and the risk of site‐specific cancers among 15,336 newly diagnosed female cancer patients in the Johannesburg Cancer Study, South Africa. We designed case–control comparisons across multiple cancer outcomes: (a) known SLT‐associated cancers; (b) other tobacco‐related cancers and (c) genital cancers owing to intravaginal snuff use. Controls (n = 2961) comprised all other cancer patients. We also investigated (d) each control cancer type versus the remaining controls to explore possible associations with other cancers. Logistic models were fitted to estimate odds ratios adjusted for age, education, tobacco smoking, alcohol, HIV, and language. Overall, ever use of snuff was 22% among control cancers. Ever snuff use was associated with cervical (OR 1.14 [95%CI 1.00–1.30]) and eye and adnexa cancer (OR 1.95 [95%CI 1.03–3.70]). Associations with vulva cancer were less clear, 95% CI's for the main effects included 1 but a subgroup analysis restricted to never‐smokers of current‐versus‐never users was positive (OR 2.10 [95%CI 1.25–3.50]). Surprisingly SLT users have lower risks of stomach cancer (OR 0.60 [95%CI 0.37–0.99]) and Hodgkin Lymphoma (OR 0.48 [95%CI 0.23–0.97]). Snuff use may increase the risk for cervical and vulva cancer in women, which is plausible via intravaginal use. Further research on the impact of SLT on female genital cancers with more detailed exposure data, including timing, intensity, and routes of use are required.

show abstract

Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus infection and its association with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general adults: A prospective cohort study

Huang,

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To investigate the association between Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) infection and both all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in a representative cohort of US adults, data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III; 1988‒1994) were analyzed, including 13,993 participants aged 18‒90 years who underwent KSHV serology evaluations. Mortality outcomes were ascertained through December 2019 using the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to examine the association between KSHV seropositivity and mortality, adjusting for potential confounders such as age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, and serum TG. Over a median follow‐up period of 26.5 years, 5503 deaths were recorded. KSHV seropositivity was associated with an increased hazard of all‐cause mortality (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 1.32, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.03‒1.69) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.00‒2.50) after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and body mass index. Notably, the association between KSHV infection and all‐cause mortality persisted among women (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.02‒1.72) after adjusting for all confounders, whereas the association with cardiovascular mortality was only statistically significant for men (HR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.53).KSHV infection may represent an independent risk factor for all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality among US adults. These findings highlight the need for further research to validate these associations in independent populations and to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying the observed increased mortality associated with KSHV infection.

show abstract

Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus, HIV‐1 and Kaposi sarcoma risk in black South Africans diagnosed with cancer during antiretroviral treatment rollout

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Antibodies against high‐risk human papillomavirus proteins as markers for noncervical HPV‐related cancers in a Black South African population, according to HIV status

Antibodies against high‐risk human papillomavirus proteins as markers for noncervical HPV‐related cancers in a Black South African population, according to HIV status

Smokeless tobacco (snuff) and site‐specific cancer risks in adult Black South African women: Findings from the Johannesburg Cancer Study

Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus infection and its association with all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general adults: A prospective cohort study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About