Kaposi sarcoma in a child after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Should pre‐transplant HHV‐8 screening be considered in recipients from high prevalence areas?

Valero‐Arrese, Lorena; Benítez‐Carabante, María Isabel; Vallejo, Elena Soques; Roca, Isabel; Jiménez, Alexandra Navarro; Díaz‐de‐Heredia, Cristina

doi:10.1111/tid.13525

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although pre-HSCT testing for HHV-8 is not routinely performed in the United States and Europe, several other cases of KS after allogeneic HSCT have been reported. [5][6][7][8] As such, our findings may support the consideration of pre-HSCT HHV-8 screening in recipients and donors from HHV-8 endemic regions, such as sub-Saharan Africa and parts of the Amazon basin. 9 Small sample size and lack of a comparison group were limitations of this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Dermatologic complications in pediatric patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for sickle cell disease

Dignum,

Burroughs,

Mallhi

et al. 2023

Pediatric Dermatology

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Dermatologic complications are common following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but dermatologic complications among pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of sickle cell disease have been poorly characterized. In this case series of 17 patients (<21 years old) with sickle cell disease who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 16 (94.1%) experienced one or more dermatologic complications after transplant, with the most common complications including acute or chronic mucocutaneous graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) (34.1% of complications), skin eruptions of unknown origin (15.9% of complications), infections (15.9% of complications), and chemotherapy‐related pigmentary changes (11.4% of complications). Patients who developed acute or chronic skin GVHD were significantly older at the time of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These findings highlight the need to closely monitor for dermatologic complications in pediatric patients who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for sickle cell disease and underscore the importance of involving dermatology early on when skin complications occur, although further research with a larger multicenter study could help clarify the risk for dermatologic complications and help identify potential ways to mitigate this risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Dermatologic complications in pediatric patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for sickle cell disease

Dignum,

Burroughs,

Mallhi

et al. 2023

Pediatric Dermatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, a previous study did not recommend HHV-8 as a routine pre-transplant examination in non-high prevalence areas. 6 Figure 2. Histologic sections from skin of the leg (upper images) and intestinal tract (lower images) prior to treatment for Kaposi's sarcoma in a 6-year-old female patient who had received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe aplastic anaemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disseminated visceral Kaposi’s sarcoma after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case report

Wang

et al. 2023

J Int Med Res

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Cases of disseminated visceral Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are very rare worldwide, and disseminated visceral KS is often rapidly progressive and life-threatening, especially in paediatric patients. Here, the case of a 6-year-old female patient with disseminated visceral KS after allogeneic HSCT for treating severe aplastic anaemia is presented. The authors encountered difficulties in making the diagnosis due to lack of experience, but the diagnosis was achieved relatively quickly and accurately using metagenomic next-generation sequencing. After tapering and withdrawal of immunosuppressant drugs, the patient's condition was controlled. In conclusion, although HSCT-related KS is very rare, it should be considered during differential diagnosis.

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“…HHV-8 infection is quite common after HSCT. However, PT-KS, particularly its disseminated visceral form, is a very rare complication, and its relationship with HHV-8 has been reported infrequently ( 27 , 28 ). In this study, we reported a patient who developed disseminated visceral KS following HSCT, which predicted an inferior prognosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Can Contribute to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Disseminated Visceral Kaposi Sarcoma Following Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Zhou

Shang

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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Disseminated visceral Kaposi sarcoma (KS) following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a rare but life-threatening posttransplant complication. A suitable management strategy for disseminated KS involvement in transplant patients is unclear. Here, we reported a patient who developed disseminated visceral KS following HSCT, which was the first detailed report documenting the relationship among KS development, delayed immune reconstitution, and HHV-8 DNA levels by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). The HHV-8 viral load peaked at 2071 sequence reads with an absolute lymphocyte count of 0.17×109/L on day +242. On day +536, the HHV-8 viral load became undetectable, with an absolute lymphocyte count of 1.06×109/L and the KS disappearance. HHV-8 load in blood detected by mNGS may be used as an early prediction marker for KS, a guide for early withdrawal of immunosuppression, and a tool to monitor KS treatment response in the setting of HSCT, especially in patients with CMV-seropositive or graft failure postengraftment. Through whole-exome sequencing, we explored the molecular mechanism underlying the patient’s longer latency of haematopoietic or immune reconstitution and recurrent infections. Germline mutations in the FANCI and RAD51 genes might impair the patient’s DNA repair ability, leading to a degree of immunodeficiency and tumour susceptibility. We strongly recommended evaluating the clinical history of the donor and investigating whether there were possible germline mutations suspected for immunodeficiency or familial neoplasms. Disseminated visceral KS patients could likely benefit from chemotherapy, especially if the disease appears to be aggressive.

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Kaposi sarcoma in a child after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Should pre‐transplant HHV‐8 screening be considered in recipients from high prevalence areas?

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Dermatologic complications in pediatric patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for sickle cell disease

Dermatologic complications in pediatric patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for sickle cell disease

Disseminated visceral Kaposi’s sarcoma after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case report

Case Report: Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Can Contribute to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Disseminated Visceral Kaposi Sarcoma Following Allogeneic Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

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