Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma: clinical features, complications and risk factors for Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon

Abstract

Most KHEs appeared before 12 months of age. KHEs are associated with various major complications, which can occur in combination and develop early in the disease process. Young age, large lesion size and mixed lesion type are important predictors of KMP.

Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging features of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and tufted angioma

“…The hypoechoic depth of KHE and KHE + KMP was significantly greater than that in TA. Previous studies indicated that compared with the superficial KHE, the lesions that affected deeper tissues including muscle and bone were more likely to develop KMP . However, our studies showed that the total depth was not the most significant factor to distinguish the lesions.…”

“…Previous studies indicated that compared with the superficial KHE, the lesions that affected deeper tissues including muscle and bone were more likely to develop KMP. 18 However, our studies showed that the total depth was not the most significant factor to distinguish the lesions. Furthermore, the greater hypoechoic area reflects greater aggressiveness, which may be associated with the pathological nature of vascular channels and thin-walled lymphatic vessels in KHE, and is consistent with previous reports.…”

Development of Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon following vaccination: More than a coincidence?

“…In addition to vaccination, occurrence and aggravation of KHE/TA with or without KMP have also been reported in patients suffering local trauma or infection . Younger patients with a relatively large lesion are at high risk of developing KMP . It is therefore possible that vaccination at the site of KHE can trigger the activation of platelets.…”

“…10 Younger patients with a relatively large lesion are at high risk of developing KMP. 11 It is therefore possible that vaccination at the site of KHE can trigger the activation of platelets. Nonetheless, whether the development of KMP following the vaccination is a coincidental finding, a consequence of needle trauma, or an inflammatory or immunological reaction to vaccination is unclear based on current knowledge.…”

Tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of superficial kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and tufted angioma

“…In our previous study, we categorized KHE into three distinct morphological types: superficial, mixed and deep. Superficial lesions involve the dermis, subcutaneous tissue and deep fascia, but do not infiltrate deeply into muscle, bone and intrathoracic sites . Although many of these lesions do not lead to life‐threatening complications, some superficial KHE/TA can grow dramatically and destroy tissue, and leave irreversible skin changes.…”