KARIN JOHANIVISSON, A Life of Learning. Uppsala University during Five Centuries,Uppsala, Uppsala University Press, 1989, 133 pp., ill.

Beretta, Marco

doi:10.1163/182539191x00461

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…2A), the “early initial lake phases 1 and 2” (EILP1, EILP2) and the “late initial lake phases 1 and 2” (LILP1, LILP2), that in total document the recolonization of the volcanically disturbed site by plants. The pollen diagram of the MMF was subdivided into six zones (Lenz et al 2011) by using optimal splitting by information content (Bennett 2005), a method well suited for a robust zonation in relatively uniform pollen spectra (Rull 2003; Bennett 2005). These six zones (MMF1 to MMF6) represent different steps during the evolution of the climax vegetation at Messel (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Eocene plant diversity and composition of vegetation: the lacustrine archive of Messel (Germany)

Lenz

Wilde

2018

Paleobiology

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Based on high-resolution palynological analysis of 680 samples from a core, short-term changes in plant diversity and floristic composition within the Paleogene greenhouse were detected in the lacustrine succession of a lower to middle Eocene maar lake at Messel (Federal State of Hesse, Germany). The microfloristic data show that taxonomic diversity increased rapidly within some decades during recolonization of a volcanically devastated area around the lake. With the establishment of a climax vegetation at the end of recolonization, the maximum in palynological diversity was reached within the crater area. During the following 640 Kyr the composition of the palynospectrum changed only gradually. However, different richness and evenness estimations show that alpha and gamma diversity decreased up to 35%, which can be related to the establishment of an equilibrium stage within the climax vegetation that led to the dominance of an assemblage of self-replacing species. Nevertheless, time-series analysis of alpha-diversity changes within the climax vegetation reveals that orbitally controlled climate change of Milankovitch and sub-Milankovitch order influenced the diversity of the vegetation, resulting in a rise of beta diversity. Based on the composition of the vegetation and comparison to modern analogues, our analysis proves that Eocene paratropical plant diversity increased during periods of slightly higher temperature and precipitation. Therefore, both composition and diversity of the vegetation was highly susceptible to minor-scale, short-term changes in climate, even during equable greenhouse conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Eocene plant diversity and composition of vegetation: the lacustrine archive of Messel (Germany)

Lenz

Wilde

2018

Paleobiology

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“…The pollen diagram (see Supplementary Fig. 1) was newly zoned using optimal splitting by sum of squares in Psimpoll v. 4.26 (Bennett, 2009). All terrestrial pollen was included in the zonation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin of grasslands in the temperate forest zone of east-central Europe: long-term legacy of climate and human impact

Kuneš

Svobodová-Svitavská

Kolář

et al. 2015

Quaternary Science Reviews

117

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The post-glacial fate of central European grasslands has stimulated palaeoecological debates for a century. Some argued for the continuous survival of open land, while others claimed that closed forest had developed during the Middle Holocene. The reasons behind stability or changes in the proportion of open land are also unclear. We aim to reconstruct regional vegetation openness and test the effects of climate and human impact on vegetation change throughout the Holocene. We present a newly dated pollen record from north-western fringes of the Pannonian Plain, east-central Europe, and reconstruct Holocene regional vegetation development by the REVEALS model for 27 pollen-equivalent taxa. Estimated vegetation is correlated in the same area with a human activity model based on all available archaeological information and a macrophysical climate model. The palaeovegetation record indicates the continuous presence of open land throughout the Holocene. Grasslands and open woodlands were probably maintained by local arid climatic conditions during the early Holocene delaying the spread of deciduous (oak) forests. Significantly detectable human-made landscape transformation started only after 2000 BC. Our analyses suggest that Neolithic people spread into a landscape that was already open. Humans probably contributed to the spread of oak, and influenced the dynamics of hazel and hornbeam.

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“…Chironomid zones were delimited with the technique of optimal splitting by information content ( Birks and Gordon, 1985 ), and statistically significant zones were identified with the broken-stick approach ( Bennett, 1996 ), using the software package Psimpoll 4.10 ( Bennett, 2002 ). This approach yielding the highest variance reduction was taken to focus on long-term dynamics, as opposed to the highly variable shorter-term dynamics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene temperature variations at a high-altitude site in the Eastern Alps: a chironomid record from Schwarzsee ob Sölden, Austria

Ilyashuk

Koinig

Heiri

et al. 2011

Quaternary Science Reviews

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Few well-dated, quantitative Holocene temperature reconstructions exist from high-altitude sites in the Central Eastern Alps. Here, we present a chironomid-based quantitative reconstruction of mean July air temperatures (TJuly) throughout the Holocene for a remote high-mountain lake, Schwarzsee ob Sölden, situated above the treeline at 2796 m a.s.l. in the Austrian Alps. Applying a chironomid-temperature inference model developed from lakes of the Alpine region to a high-resolution chironomid record from the lake provides evidence for early Holocene (ca 10000–8600 cal yr BP) TJuly of up to 8.5 °C, i.e. >4 °C above the modern (1977–2006) mean July temperature. The reconstruction reveals the so-called ‘8.2-ka cold event’ centered at ca 8250–8000 cal yr BP with temperatures ca 3 °C below the early-Holocene thermal maximum. Rather warm (ca 6 °C) and productive conditions prevailed during ca 7900–4500 cal yr BP. The chironomid record suggests a climate transition between ca 5200 and 4500 cal yr BP to cooler TJuly. A distinct cooling trend is evident from ca 4500 until ca 2500 cal yr BP. Thereafter, the study site experienced its coldest conditions (around 4 °C or less) throughout the rest of the Holocene, with the exception of the warming trend during the late 20th century. Beside other factors, the Northern Hemisphere summer insolation seems to be the major driving force for the long-term trends in TJuly at high altitudes in the Eastern Alps. Due to the extreme location of the lake and the limited temperature range represented by the applied calibration data set, the chironomid-based temperature reconstruction fails to track phases of the late-Holocene climatic history with TJuly cooler than 4 °C. Further chironomid-based palaeoclimate model and down-core studies are required to address this problem, provide more realistic TJuly estimates from undisturbed high-altitude lakes in the Alps, and extract a reliable regional temperature signal.

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KARIN JOHANIVISSON, A Life of Learning. Uppsala University during Five Centuries,Uppsala, Uppsala University Press, 1989, 133 pp., ill.

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Changes in Eocene plant diversity and composition of vegetation: the lacustrine archive of Messel (Germany)

Changes in Eocene plant diversity and composition of vegetation: the lacustrine archive of Messel (Germany)

The origin of grasslands in the temperate forest zone of east-central Europe: long-term legacy of climate and human impact

Holocene temperature variations at a high-altitude site in the Eastern Alps: a chironomid record from Schwarzsee ob Sölden, Austria

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