Karma

Bronkhorst, Johannes

doi:10.1515/9780824860158

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Central to Hindu and Buddhist traditions with over 1.5 billion contemporary followers (Bronkhorst, 2011;Pew Research Center, 2015), karma is an ostensibly non-theistic belief that moral actions affect the likelihood of future good and bad outcomes, even when the connection between actions and outcomes is causally-opaque or occurs across unobservably-long timescales in the cycle of reincarnation. Beyond Hinduism and Buddhism, karma is also prevalent in Traditional Chinese Religions, Sikhism, Jainism, and many other smaller religious groups.…”

Section: Cognitive Pathways To Belief In Karma and Belief In Godmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this perspective makes it unclear what relationship-if any-exists between these same cognitive tendencies and belief in ostensibly non-theistic supernatural forces. Karma therefore provides a theoretically interesting test case for cognitive theories of supernatural belief because, like belief in God, karma is a culturally-widespread belief about a moralizing supernatural force that responds to human actions such that good people experience good outcomes and bad people bad outcomes in life (Bronkhorst, 2011). Both God and karma reflect belief in culturally-transmitted concepts about supernatural entities that justify why people have particular good and bad experiences (Harvey & Callan, 2014;Young, Morris, Burrus, Krishnan, & Regmi, 2011), and reminders of God and karma both encourage prosocial behaviour in economic games (White, Kelly, Shariff, & Norenzayan, 2019).…”

Section: Do Intuitions Also Predict Belief In Karma?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But unlike God, karma is not obviously personified in religious texts or in the thoughts and actions of believers. Instead, karma is often depicted as an impersonal force or if-then law that summarizes the causal connection between actions and experiences (Bronkhorst, 2011;Daniel, 1983;Wadley, 1983). For example, practitioners of Hinduism tend to believe in both gods and karma, but interact with them in radically different ways.…”

Section: Do Intuitions Also Predict Belief In Karma?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Buddhism is also diverse, and while many traditions do not require or even encourage belief in gods or other supernatural agents, many individual Buddhists do believe that the world is inhabited by a variety of supernatural agents worthy of respect and devotion, and some ascribe to Buddha many of the omniscient, punitive, moralistic traits that characterize gods (Berniūnas et al, 2020;Purzycki & Holland, 2018;Stanford & Jong, 2019). In contrast, karma is typically characterized as the consequences for one's actions that are unrelated to divine intervention (Bronkhorst, 2011;Gowans, 2014;Willard, Baimel, et al, 2020). Unlike Abrahamic religions, afterlife/reincarnation beliefs in Buddhism become moralized through their association with karma, not the belief in a moralistic God (Obeyesekere, 2002).…”

Section: Do Intuitions Also Predict Belief In Karma?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive pathways to belief in karma and belief in God

White¹,

Willard²,

Baimel³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Supernatural beliefs are ubiquitous around the world, and there is mounting evidence that these beliefs partly rely on intuitive, cross-culturally recurrent cognitive processes. Specifically, past research has focused on humans’ intuitive tendency to perceive minds and reason about mental states as some of the cognitive foundations of belief in a personified God — an agentic, morally concerned supernatural entity. However, many widely-endorsed supernatural entities lack the agentic qualities that are prototypical of gods, raising interesting theoretical questions about the cognitive predictors of putatively non-theistic supernatural beliefs. In two studies and four high-powered samples, we investigated belief in karma—a culturally widespread but ostensibly non-agentic entity that reflects belief in ethical causation across reincarnations. Drawing on religiously diverse samples, we used path analyses to investigate how individual differences in intuitive thinking styles, mentalizing, mind-body dualism, and teleological thinking predict both belief in karma and belief in God. In Study 1 (N = 2006), a similar pattern of cognitive predictors was found among Canadian and mostly-Hindu Indian participants (Study 1), despite differences in the cultural-prevalence and religious histories of karma in these two cultures. Study 2 (N = 1752) provided a preregistered conceptual replication of these findings in a general American (mostly Christian) sample and a Singaporean Buddhist sample, and demonstrated that these cognitive variables predicted belief in karma and God above and beyond the variability explained by cultural learning. These results support an independent role for both culture and cognition in supporting supernatural beliefs.

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Section: Cognitive Pathways To Belief In Karma and Belief In Godmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Do Intuitions Also Predict Belief In Karma?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Do Intuitions Also Predict Belief In Karma?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Do Intuitions Also Predict Belief In Karma?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cognitive pathways to belief in karma and belief in God

White¹,

Willard²,

Baimel³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The top and bottom covers are sealed with low vapor pressure viton O-rings, leaving only the gas in-and outlets for open gas flow at around 6 l/h through 4 mm tubes. The gas flow was controlled and measured accurately with digital mass flow controllers from Bronkhorst Hi-Tec [65].…”

Section: Resistive Charge Divisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Ray fluorescence imaging system based on Thick-GEM detectors

Souza¹

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AgradecimentosEste trabalho recebeu apoio financeiro da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, com a bolsa FAPESP 2017/00426-9.My sincere thanks to the whole GDD lab at CERN, in special Leszek Ropelewski, Eraldo Oliveri, Patrik Thuiner and Florian Brunbauer.Gostaria de agradecer primeiramente ao professor Alexandre Suaide, por me introduzir ao grupo e pela ajuda nos mais diversos assuntos. À professora Marcia Rizzuto e à minha amiga Hellen Santos, pelo interesse nesse trabalho e troca de informações.Aos professores Marco Bregant, Marcelo Munhoz, Nelson Carlin, Tiago Fiorini, Mauro Cosentino e Zwinglio Guimarães pelas ideias e sugestões, tornando esse trabalho muito mais completo.Ao meu orientador e amigo, Hugo Natal da Luz, pelos ensinamentos, conselhos e paciência. Aos amigos que fiz durante a graduação e o mestrado, pela diversão, aprendizado e companhia durante todos esse anos. Um agradecimento especial aos amigos do grupo, Henrique, Milton, Camila, Chiara, Thais e Lucas. À minha familia, meus pais, Marco Aurélio e Maria Cabrine, e meu irmão Ramon, por toda confiança e suporte. Vocês são os melhores exemplos para mim. À Mayumi, pelo carinho e por estar ao meu lado nos melhores e piores momentos."All we have to decide is what to do with the time that is given us." -J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of The Rings Abstract GEMs (Gas Electron Multiplier) and Thick-GEMs (Thick-Gas Electron Multiplier) are MPGDs (Micropattern Gas Detector) that make part of the new generation of gaseous detectors, allowing high counting rates, low cost when compared to solid state detectors, high radiation hardness and gain when using multiple structures. Besides that, the handling and maintenance of these detectors is relatively simple, being versatile to detect different types of radiation. Therefore, these detectors are an effective alternative to build imaging systems with large sensitive area. This work consists in the study and characterization of a set of gaseous detectors, more specifically the Thick-GEMs produced in the High Energy Physics and Instrumentation Center at IFUSP, which were tested showing promising results in terms of gain, energy resolution and operational stability. However, due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of the Thick-GEMs, the X-ray fluorescence imaging system was mounted using GEMs. During this work the necessary software tools for image processing and reconstruction were developed as a parallel study in computational simulations to better understand the operation of gaseous detectors.X-ray fluorescence techniques are essential in areas such as medicine and the study of historical and cultural heritage since they are non-invasive and non-destructive. Techniques to check the authenticity of masterpieces are required and museums are gradually becoming more interested in the Physics and instrumentation needed to characterize their patrimony.

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Beliefs in inevitable justice curb revenge behaviours: Cultural perspectives on karma

Goyal

Miller

2022

Euro J Social Psych

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Across cultures, people believe that moral actions have 'karmic' consequences. Do cultures share assumptions about how karma operates? Four studies (N = 1114) assessed cultural differences in perceptions of inevitability associated with karmic justice and whether perceiving karma as inevitable curbs antisocial behaviours, such as revenge. Study 1 found that Indians perceived karmic justice as more inevitable than Americans and reported lower revenge. Studies 2-3 manipulated whether participants saw karmic justice as inevitable (vs. probable), finding that both Indians and Americans in the inevitable justice condition reported lower revenge. Study 3 found that perceived punishment certainty for oneself (for enacting revenge) rather than perceived punishment certainty for the offender (for the offence) better explained condition differences in revenge. Study 4 uncovered that reincarnation belief related to, and explained, cultural differences in inevitable karmic justice, which subsequently curbed revenge. Research on karma can uncover a range of cultural differences in psychological functioning.

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Karma

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Cognitive pathways to belief in karma and belief in God

Cognitive pathways to belief in karma and belief in God

X-Ray fluorescence imaging system based on Thick-GEM detectors

Beliefs in inevitable justice curb revenge behaviours: Cultural perspectives on karma

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