Karnal Bunt of Wheat

Bonde, M. R.; Peterson, Gary L.; Schaad, N. W.; Smilanick, Joseph L.

doi:10.1094/pdis.1997.81.12.1370

Cited by 112 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The present study confirms the earlier studies about the existence of an aggressive type of T. indica. Existence of races in T. indica is controversial (Bonde et al, 1997). Based on the reaction of various T. indica isolates on a set of 17 host differentials, 4 pathotypes (K1, K2, K3, and K4) have been reported (Aujla et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic variability among Tilletia indica isolates and distribution of heterothallic alleles in the Northwestern Plains Zone of India

Parveen¹,

Saharan²,

Verma³

et al. 2015

Turk J Agric For

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Tilletia indica Mitra, the causal agent of Karnal bunt of wheat (KB), is a quarantined disease of international importance whose pathogen shows high variability due to its heterothallic nature. Pathogenic variation was studied under artificially inoculated conditions on 13 wheat genotypes including bread and dicoccum wheat. This study used 34 T. indica isolates collected from 6 major wheat growing states in India (Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh). Mean coefficient of infection of the isolates ranged from 2.11% (KBR4) to 14.60% (KBH1). Among the 13 genotypes screened, only 1 genotype was found to be highly susceptible to infection. KBR1 and KBHP3 were the most virulent and least aggressive isolates and had coefficients of infection of 79.42% and 6.22%, respectively, on the susceptible variety HD 2009. Pathogenic variability test revealed the existence of 3 different aggressive groups among the 34 selected isolates on a set of host differentials. A total of 64 monosporidial (Ms) lines were developed from the isolates, which originated from 6 states, representing 19 locations in the North Western plains zone of India. Self-paired Ms lines revealed 2 mating alleles. A total of 15 mating alleles were postulated using 46 Ms lines. This study confirmed the heterothallic nature of T. indica and the existence of multiple alleles controlling pathogenicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic variability among Tilletia indica isolates and distribution of heterothallic alleles in the Northwestern Plains Zone of India

Parveen¹,

Saharan²,

Verma³

et al. 2015

Turk J Agric For

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“…Infection is initiated during flowering when the exposed glumes are penetrated by haploid allantoid secondary sporidia arising from germinating basidiospores that originated from teliospores germinating on the soil surface. The highest levels of disease are usually observed when cool temperatures, cloud cover and several days of rain occur during flowering [1] [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of the Germination Behavior of <i>Tilletia indica</i> Teliospores on the Soil Surface under Varying Simulated Environmental Conditions

Peterson¹,

Berner²,

Phillips³

2017

AJPS

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A series of replicated growth chamber studies were conducted to determine the effects of soil type and simulated European temperature conditions from fall planting to anthesis in Hungary, United Kingdom, Italy and Norway on the initiation of Tilletia indica teliospore germination on the soil surface. A concurrent study examined effects on teliospore germination of a simulated temperature profile for Ciudad Obregon, Mexico, where Karnal bunt is known to occur. Three soil moisture treatments were tested; 40.5% water holding capacity (WHC), 16.2% WHC and weekly fluctuation of soil WHC. Results suggest that soil type would not have a significant effect on germination during the cropping season. Under all conditions tested, some portion of the teliospore population remained dormant but viable throughout the entire season. In comparing Mexican and Hungarian temperature profiles, highest soil surface germination for the Hungarian profile was at 40.5% WHC during the first 30 days of the simulation (30 days after planting date). The highest germination for the Mexican profile was at the 16.2% WHC during the last 30 days of the study (time of anthesis).

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“…Northern Texas [1] [2]. This soilborne, non-systemic pathogen infects wheat heads at flowering via secondary sporidia originating from basidiospores produced by germinating teliospores on the soil surface [1].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This soilborne, non-systemic pathogen infects wheat heads at flowering via secondary sporidia originating from basidiospores produced by germinating teliospores on the soil surface [1]. The geographic distribution of the disease has been reported primarily in arid and semi-arid environments on fall-sown wheat varieties grown on irrigated land.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to its incursion into the U.S., it was reported in Mexico, Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, Nepal [3], Brazil [4], and South Africa [5]. Agronomic losses attributed to the disease are minimal; however, because of the quarantine status of the pathogen, the potential economic losses due to trade restrictions and subsequent disease management costs could be significant [1] [6] [7] [8] [9].…”

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Decline in a Tilletia indica Teliospore Population in a Naturally Infested Arizona (USA) Wheat Field

Peterson¹,

Kosta²

2017

AJPS

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Following a 2004-outbreak of Karnal bunt in an Arizona wheat field where infection had not been detected in recent years, the population and viability of Tilletia indica teliospores in surface and subsurface layers of soil were monitored over a four-year period. The field was seeded with two parallel 1.8 m × 190 m strips of wheat, 11 m apart and the remainder planted in non-host barley. Thirty-eight 1.22 m 2 wheat plots were harvested and seed examined for infection. Several times throughout each season soil samples were taken from each of 25 points throughout the field. Teliospores extracted from subsamples of each soil sample were examined to estimate the number of teliospores per gram soil and germination percentage. The average (SD) infection observed for each of the four consecutive seasons was 7.05 (4.6), 2.89 (5.5), 0, and 0.004% (0). The average number of teliospores recovered per gram of soil during the first sampling was 36 and 39 for the 0.5 cm deep (surface) and 5.5 cm deep (subsurface), respectively, with an average teliospore germination of 29%. By the last season, the average numbers of teliospores recovered were 5 and 2.5 per gram of soil, respectively, with an average germination of 1.0%.

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Karnal Bunt of Wheat

Cited by 112 publications

References 30 publications

Pathogenic variability among Tilletia indica isolates and distribution of heterothallic alleles in the Northwestern Plains Zone of India

Pathogenic variability among Tilletia indica isolates and distribution of heterothallic alleles in the Northwestern Plains Zone of India

Observations of the Germination Behavior of <i>Tilletia indica</i> Teliospores on the Soil Surface under Varying Simulated Environmental Conditions

Decline in a Tilletia indica Teliospore Population in a Naturally Infested Arizona (USA) Wheat Field

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Karnal Bunt of Wheat

Cited by 112 publications

References 30 publications

Pathogenic variability among Tilletia indica isolates and distribution of heterothallic alleles in the Northwestern Plains Zone of India

Pathogenic variability among Tilletia indica isolates and distribution of heterothallic alleles in the Northwestern Plains Zone of India

Observations of the Germination Behavior of &lt;i&gt;Tilletia indica&lt;/i&gt; Teliospores on the Soil Surface under Varying Simulated Environmental Conditions

Decline in a Tilletia indica Teliospore Population in a Naturally Infested Arizona (USA) Wheat Field

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Observations of the Germination Behavior of <i>Tilletia indica</i> Teliospores on the Soil Surface under Varying Simulated Environmental Conditions