Karnofsky Palliative Performance Scale

Karnofsky, David A.; Abelmann, Walter H.; Craver, Lloyd F.; Burchenal, Joseph H.

doi:10.1037/t60198-000

Cited by 80 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…These experiments, viewed in the light of data obtained by Karnofsky et al (11), permit the further conclusion that the actual cells involved in this phe. nomenon are the polymorphonuclear leucocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Studies on the Mechanism of the Shwartzman Phenomenon

Stetson

Good

1951

Journal of Experimental Medicine

135

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The intradermal injection of certain bacterial products in rabbits, followed after a suitable interval of time by the intravenous injection of similar material, results in an intense hemorrhagic-necrotic lesion at the site of the intradermal injection. This phenomenon, first described by Shwartzman (1), may also be produced by an intmdermal injection of a protein antigen in an appropriately sensitized rabbit, followed by an intravenous injection of bacterial products (2). Local infection with certain bacteria or with vaccinia virus also prepares the skin for hemorrhagic necrosis, which can be elicited by the subsequent intravenous injection of bacterial culture filtrates. The phenomenon thus provides a useful laboratory tool for the study of immune reactions occurring in vivo as well as of certain host responses to infectious agents. Numerous investigations of the nature of the phenomenon have been undertaken, but at the present time little is known of the basic mechanisms involved.In an earlier communication, it was shown that a characteristic metabolic abnormality exists in rabbit skin sites prepared for the Shwartzman phenomenon by the intradermal injection of a meningococcal culture filtrate (3). This abnormality consists of a marked degree of aerobic glycolysis, with a consequent local accumulation of lactic acid. It is known that such skin areas contain appreciable numbers of polymorphonuclear leacocytes as a result of the local inflammatory reaction to the bacterial filtrate (4), and it has further been shown that such "exudate leucocytes" exhibited a high degree of aerobic glycosis (5). Because of the difficulty in enumerating the inflammatory cells in Shwartzman-prepared skin sites, however, it was impossible to determine whether the over-all metabolic abnormality could be explained simply on the basis of the leucocyte content.In 1948 Becker (6) reported that the Shwartzman phenomenon could be

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Studies on the Mechanism of the Shwartzman Phenomenon

Stetson

Good

1951

Journal of Experimental Medicine

135

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“…Initial staging included a full clinical examination, documentation of the Karnofsky performance status (Karnofsky & Burchenal, 1948) and accurate measurement of local and regional disease, with photography when considered helpful for later evaluation of response. Radiological assessment consisted of lateral and antero-posterior views of the skull, chest, dorso-lumbar spine, pelvis and upper femora (limited skeletal survey).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An objective biochemical assessment of therapeutic response in metastatic breast cancer: a study with external review of clinical data

Williams

Turkes²,

Pearson³

et al. 1990

Br J Cancer

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Summary A series of tumour related markers have been examined in 179 patients receiving primary endocrine therapy for metastatic breast cancer. Significant correlations between therapeutic response (UICC criteria after 6 months of treatment) and appropriate alterations in serum concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen, ferritin, c-reactive protein, orosomucoid and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, have been observed when changes in these markers were examined only at high serum concentrations. By combining these five markers a 'therapeutic index' of response has been devised which can be employed at an early stage of treatment in more than 90% of patients, giving an overall sensitivity/specificity of 90%/78% for therapeutic response or disease stabilisation over a 6-month period. The design of an objective measurement of response, which is easy to perform, has the potential to replace the existing, largely subjective, UICC criteria for retrospective judgement of response, and may also be used to direct systemic endocrine therapy.

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“…Functional status was assessed by the Karnofsky Performance Status [34], scoring from 0% to 100%, with higher scores meaning better function.…”

Section: Study Procedures and Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Genetic Factors Related to Cancer-Induced Bone Pain and Bone Pain Relief

Scarpi

Calistri

Klepstad³

et al. 2014

The Oncologist

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Objective. The study objective was to evaluate whether there are clinical or genetic differences between patients with cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) and patients with non-CIBP, and, in the CIBP group, in those with good versus poor opioid response. Materials and Methods. A total of 2,294 adult patients with cancer who were receiving opioids for moderate or severe pain were included in the European Pharmacogenetic Opioid Study. Pain intensity and pain relief were measured using the Brief Pain Inventory. Linkage disequilibrium of 112 single nucleotide polymorphisms was evaluated in 25 candidate genes, and 43 haplotypes were assessed. Correlations among demographical factors, disease-related factors, genetic factors, CIBP, and pain relief were analyzed by logistic regression models corrected for multiple testing. Patients with bone metastases and bone/soft tissue pain were defined as having prevalent bone pain (CIBP population).This population was compared with patients who had other types of cancer pain (non-CIBP). Results. A total of 577 patients (26.2%) had CIBP, and 1,624 patients (73.8%) had non-CIBP. Patients with CIBP had more breakthrough cancer pain episodes (64.2% vs. 56.4%, p 5 .001), had significantly higher pain interference in"walkingability in the past 24 hours" (p , .0001), used more adjuvant drugs (84.1% vs. 78.3%, p 5 .003), and had a higher, albeit nonsignificant, median overall survival (3.8 vs. 2.9 months, p 5 .716) than patients with non-CIBP. None of the examined haplotypes exceeded p values corrected for multiple testing for the investigated outcomes. Conclusion. Patients with CIBP who were taking opioids had a clinical profile slightly different from that of the non-CIBP group. However, no specific genetic pattern emerged for CIBP versus non-CIBP or for responsive versus nonresponsive patients with CIBP.

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Karnofsky Palliative Performance Scale

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

Studies on the Mechanism of the Shwartzman Phenomenon

Studies on the Mechanism of the Shwartzman Phenomenon

An objective biochemical assessment of therapeutic response in metastatic breast cancer: a study with external review of clinical data

Clinical and Genetic Factors Related to Cancer-Induced Bone Pain and Bone Pain Relief

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