The Karolinska Institute's cancer startup innovation ecosystem is a dynamic network of stakeholders who collaborate to develop and commercialise innovative ideas and technologies in cancer research and treatment. This ecosystem has been successful in cultivating an environment of innovation and entrepreneurship, producing several successful startups in the cancer research and treatment space. This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the lessons learned and best practices from the Karolinska Institute innovation ecosystem for cancer startups. The review includes a comprehensive SWOT analysis, as well as insights from interviews with stakeholders from academia, industry, and government. The SWOT analysis identified several key strengths of the Karolinska Institute innovation ecosystem for cancer startups. The interview methodology for this study involved a semi-structured approach, with open questions designed to elicit detailed and nuanced responses from the participants. The Interviews and SWOT analysis identified several key of success of the Karolinska Institute innovation ecosystem for cancer startups is due to a number of key factors, including strong leadership, collaboration, funding mechanisms, supportive policies, and infrastructure. Effective leadership is required to guide the ecosystem and foster an innovation culture. Collaboration among stakeholders is critical for knowledge sharing, resource allocation, and coordination. Funding mechanisms and infrastructure are critical for supporting R&D activities and providing startups with the resources they need to grow and succeed. To protect and incentivize innovation, supportive policies such as intellectual property laws and regulatory frameworks are required. In addition, the paper discovered that incubation programmes are critical to the success of cancer startups in the Karolinska Institute innovation ecosystem. These programmes connect startups with resources, mentorship, and networks that are critical to their growth and development.