Karrikins Discovered in Smoke Trigger Arabidopsis Seed Germination by a Mechanism Requiring Gibberellic Acid Synthesis and Light

Nelson, David C.; Riseborough, Julie-Anne; Flematti, Gavin R.; Stevens, Jason C.; Ghisalberti, Emilio L.; Dixon, Kingsley W.; Smith, Steven M.

doi:10.1104/pp.108.131516

Cited by 272 publications

(280 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Although karrikins can overcome primary dormancy (PD) in Arabidopsis thaliana seed, the effectiveness of KAR 1 on germination varies by ecotype and seed dormancy state: highly dormant seed has reduced response, whereas the rapid germination rates of nondormant seed can mask any positive influence from karrikin (25). KAR 1 does not recover germination of the ga1-3 mutant, which has no detectable GA biosynthesis, or enhance its sensitivity to exogenous GAs.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Karrikins (KAR) have been established as a new class of signaling molecules in smoke from burning vegetation that trigger seed germination for many angiosperms (23)(24)(25)(26). Although karrikins can overcome primary dormancy (PD) in Arabidopsis thaliana seed, the effectiveness of KAR 1 on germination varies by ecotype and seed dormancy state: highly dormant seed has reduced response, whereas the rapid germination rates of nondormant seed can mask any positive influence from karrikin (25).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Karrikins enhance light responses during germination and seedling development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Nelson¹,

Flematti²,

Riseborough

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Karrikins are a class of seed germination stimulants identified in smoke from wildfires. Microarray analysis of imbibed Arabidopsis thaliana seeds was performed to identify transcriptional responses to KAR 1 before germination. A small set of genes that are regulated by KAR 1 , even when germination is prevented by the absence of gibberellin biosynthesis or light, were identified. Light-induced genes, putative HY5-binding targets, and ABRE-like promoter motifs were overrepresented among KAR 1 -up-regulated genes. KAR 1 transiently induced the light signal transduction transcription factor genes HY5 and HYH. Germination of afterripened Arabidopsis seed was triggered at lower fluences of red light when treated with KAR 1 . Light-dependent cotyledon expansion and inhibition of hypocotyl elongation were enhanced in the presence of germination-active karrikins. HY5 is important for the Arabidopsis hypocotyl elongation, but not seed germination, response to karrikins. These results reveal a role for karrikins in priming light responses in the emerging seedling, and suggest that the influence of karrikins on postfire ecology may not be limited to germination recruitment.smoke | photomorphogenesis

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Karrikins enhance light responses during germination and seedling development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Nelson¹,

Flematti²,

Riseborough

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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232

269

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“…(Nelson et al 2009). Further experiments showed that KAR 1 cannot overcome the requirement of germination for gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis, and indeed that KAR 1 might act in part by stimulating the expression of the GA biosynthetic genes GA3ox1 and GA3ox2, which would, in turn, stimulate germination (Nelson et al 2009). …”

Section: Karrikin Studies In Arabidopsismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it was soon shown that the relationship was not so straightforward. First, although karrikins were potent germination stimulants of Brassica tournefortii, the synthetic strigolactone GR24 was not (Nelson et al 2009). Conversely, seed of the parasitic weed Orobanche minor responded strongly to GR24, but not at all to karrikins; this observation has since been extended to several other parasitic species .…”

Section: Karrikins Are Structurally Related To Strigolactonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From little things big things grow: karrikins and new directions in plant development

Waters¹

2017

Functional Plant Biol.

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Abstract. Karrikins are a family of compounds generated via the incomplete combustion of plant matter. Since their discovery as seed germination stimulants in 2004, a great deal has been learned about the chemistry and the biological mode of action of karrikins. Much interest and progress have stemmed from the structural similarity of karrikins to that of strigolactones -the shoot branching hormone. This review will provide a historical account of some of the more significant discoveries in this area of plant biology. It will discuss how the study of these abiotic signalling molecules, combined with advances in our understanding of strigolactones, has led us towards the discovery of new mechanisms that regulate plant growth and development.

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“…(5,7) Although the mode of action of smoke and 1 (and related karrikins) in promoting germination and vigor is currently unknown, research is progressing in this field. (4,8,9) Previous investigations of smoke-stimulated seed germination demonstrated that dilute solutions of smoke-water were highly effective in promoting the germination of light-sensitive seeds of Lactuca sativa L. cv. Grand Rapids.…”

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Butenolides from Plant-Derived Smoke: Natural Plant-Growth Regulators with Antagonistic Actions on Seed Germination

et al. 2010

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Smoke plays an intriguing role in promoting the germination of seeds of many species following a fire. Recently, a bicyclic compound containing a condensed butenolide moiety, 3-methyl-2H-furo [2,3-c]pyran-2-one (1), was reported as a potent germination promoter from plant-derived smoke. In this study, a related butenolide, 3,4,5-trimethylfuran-2(5H)-one (2), which inhibits germination and significantly reduces the effect of 1 when applied simultaneously, was also isolated from plant-derived smoke. The interaction of these compounds with opposing actions on seed germination may have important ecological implications in a post-fire environment and could be useful molecules for understanding the events involved in breaking seed dormancy and promoting seed germination.Smoke from burning vegetation is recognized as an important environmental cue and promoter of germination for seeds of many species from both fire-prone and non-fire-prone environments.(1) Smoke-water, prepared by bubbling smoke through a container of water, is also highly effective in promoting seed germination of the responsive species and is a more convenient method of treatment. The major germination compound responsible for the observed germination increase was isolated and identified as 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (1, karrikinolide),(2, 3) a discovery that has revealed a class of plant bioactive compounds that are referred to as karrikins(4) and are proposed to be a new and important family of naturally occurring plant growth regulators.(5, 6) Subsequently, 1 has been shown to improve germination and improve seedling vigor of several species, including those from fire-prone environments, arable and parasitic weeds, several Australian Solanum species, and crop plants.(5) Due to the fact that it has an effect at extremely low concentrations (as low as 1 nM), it has potential as an important agronomic and horticultural chemical.(5, 7) Although the mode of action of smoke and 1 (and related karrikins) in promoting germination and vigor is currently unknown, research is progressing in this field. (4,8,9) Previous investigations of smoke-stimulated seed germination demonstrated that dilute solutions of smoke-water were highly effective in promoting the germination of light-sensitive seeds of Lactuca sativa L. cv. Grand Rapids.Thus, Grand Rapids lettuce was used as an effective model species for bioactivity-guided fractionation of smoke-water.(3, 10) Although, in general, smoke provides a positive stimulus for germination, a negative effect of high concentrations of smoke-water on germination is well demonstrated.(10-13) This effect can most likely be attributed to inhibitory compounds (i.e., compounds other than the promotory karrikins) that are present in the smoke-water. Smoke (from cigarettes or other products) is known to contain numerous compounds (estimated to be well over 4000),(14) some of which are toxic or carcinogenic. In another study, it was reported that smoke could possibly play a dual regulatory role during germination,(1...

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Karrikins Discovered in Smoke Trigger Arabidopsis Seed Germination by a Mechanism Requiring Gibberellic Acid Synthesis and Light

Cited by 272 publications

References 56 publications

Karrikins enhance light responses during germination and seedling development in Arabidopsis thaliana

Karrikins enhance light responses during germination and seedling development in Arabidopsis thaliana

From little things big things grow: karrikins and new directions in plant development

Butenolides from Plant-Derived Smoke: Natural Plant-Growth Regulators with Antagonistic Actions on Seed Germination

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