Karst hydrogeology of the Untersberg massif and its interaction with the porous aquifer in the adjacent Salzburg Basin

Reischer, Markus; Bichler, Benjamin; Spötl, Christoph; Höfer‐Öllinger, Giorgio; Wyhlidal, Stefan

doi:10.17738/ajes.2015.0014

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The resulting mean annual δ 18 O altitude gradient is 0.19 ‰/100m. This value is only slightly higher than the gra dient of 0.14 ‰/100m obtained by Reischer et al (2015) for the Untersberg massif northeast of the Leoganger Steinberge. Using Saalfelden as a reference point (748 m a.s.l.)…”

Section: Comparison Of the Four Streams Atcontrasting

confidence: 55%

Karst hydrogeology of Lamprechtsofen (Leoganger Steinberge, Salzburg)

Gröbner

Gadermayr

Höfer‐Öllinger³

et al. 2019

Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences

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The Leoganger Steinberge are a heavily karstified massif largely composed of Dachstein dolomite and limestone hosting the deepest through-trip cave in the world, Lamprechtsofen, whose frontal parts are developed as a show cave. Many parts of this 60 km-long and 1724 m-deep system are hydrologically active. 1.5 km behind the lower cave entrance Grüntopf stream and Kneippklamm stream merge to form the main cave stream. Another underground stream, Stainerhallen stream, flows through the eponymous hall of the show cave. Since 2007 water temperature, electrical conductivity and water level have been monitored in the Grüntopf and Kneippklamm stream. Water temperature and water level in the Stainerhallen and main cave stream have been measured since 2016.The long-term dataset (2013–2017) shows that the water temperature of the cave streams (Grüntopf stream: 3.7–5.2°C; Kneippklamm stream: 5.1–5.9°C) is largely invariant, but the electrical conductivity varies strongly (Grüntopf stream: 107–210 µS/cm; Kneippklamm stream: 131–248 µS/cm) in response to snowmelt and precipitation events. The event water of the Kneippklamm stream is characterized by a low electrical conductivity and is then followed by slightly warmer and higher mineralized water derived from the phreatic zone. This dual flow pattern also explains the asymmetrical changes of the water level during snowmelt: the fast event water flows directly through vadose pathways to the measurement site, whereas the hydraulic (phreatic) response is delayed. The Grüntopf stream reacts to precipitation and snowmelt events by changes in the karst-water table, which can be explained by a piston flow-model. The Kneippklamm stream reveals evidence of a lifter system.The altitude of the catchments was calculated using δ18O values of water samples from the underground streams and from surface precipitation. The Grüntopf stream shows the highest mean catchment (2280 m a.s.l.), which is in agreement with its daily fluctuations of the water level until August caused by long-lasting snowmelt. The Stainerhallen stream has the lowest catchment (average 1400 m a.s.l.). The catchments of the other two streams are at intermediate elevations (1770–1920 m a.s.l.). The integration of the catchment analyses and observations from tracer tests conducted in the 1970s showed that the latter reflected only one aspect of the karst water regime in this massif. During times of high recharge the water level rises, new flow paths are activated and the karst watershed shifts.

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Section: Comparison Of the Four Streams Atcontrasting

confidence: 55%

Karst hydrogeology of Lamprechtsofen (Leoganger Steinberge, Salzburg)

Gröbner

Gadermayr

Höfer‐Öllinger³

et al. 2019

Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences

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“…The relationship between d 2 H and d 18 O is the deuterium excess (d), globally defined as d = δ 2 H -8*δ 18 O (Dansgaard, 1964) and adapted for Middle Europe (Austria) as d = δ 2 H -7.88 δ 18 O (Humer et al, 1995). Deuterium excess of spring and river water usually ranges from 9 to 13 (Reischer et al, 2015) and the value increases with altitude (Schotterer et al, 1993;Holko, 1995;Gonfiantini et al, 2001, Rank et al, 2016. Low values usually are a sign for partial evaporation of the water sample (Horvatincic et al, 2005).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All results are reported as relative abundance (δ 2 H and δ 18 O, respectively) of the isotopes 2 H and 18 O in per mill (‰) with respect to the international standard VSMOW (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water). The accuracy of measurement is better than ±1.0‰ for δ 2 H and ±0.1‰ for δ 18 O. Calibration of the mass spectrometer and CRDS was accomplished using VSMOW, GISP, and SLAP standards (Reischer et al, 2015).…”

Section: Sampling and Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stable isotopes in precipitation are influenced by several fractionation processes, the magnitude of which in temperate climates depends mainly on temperature and altitude (temperature and altitude effects, Dansgaard, 1964) and the distance from the coast (continent effect, Gat & Gonfiantini, 1981). These result in typical isotope values and seasonal patterns for different catchment areas and allow the discrimination of water samples and therefore provide the basis for assessing the mean altitude of the catchment (Reischer et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential influence of a planned landfill on a high karst plateau in Southwestern Montenegro to nearby karstic springs

Horacek

Radulović

Jančić³

et al. 2021

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The potential threat of a landfill projected on a high karst plateau in southwest Montenegro is investigated with respect to the subjacent nearby springs. The locality is called Duboki do. As the springs are used for drinking water supply this investigation is urgently needed. For the springs exist two hypotheses concerning their catchment area: I) from the high karst plateau, or II) from a topographically lower area. The stable H- and O-isotope ratios of water samples from the springs are compared with precipitation isotope data, to reveal the catchment area of the springs. The isotope results indicate that the catchment area of the springs is at higher altitude fitting to, and in good agreement with, winter precipitation from the high karst plateau of the planned land-fill locality.

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“…Plan et al 2009), tectonic structures (faults and folds, joints, e.g. De la Torre et al 2020;Goldscheider 2005;Gremaud et al 2009;Reischer et al 2015) and debris cover (e.g. Lauber et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual catchment runoff in a high alpine karst environment influenced by a complex geological setting (Northern Calcareous Alps, Tyrol, Austria)

et al. 2021

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Garber Schlag (Q-GS) is one of the major springs of the Karwendel Mountains, Tyrol, Austria. This spring has a unique runoff pattern that is mainly controlled by the tectonic setting. The main aquifer is a moderately karstified and jointed limestone of the Wetterstein Formation that is underlain by nonkarstified limestone of the Reifling Formation, which acts as an aquitard. The aquifer and aquitard of the catchment of spring Q-GS form a large anticline that is bound by a major fault (aquitard) to the north. Discharge of this spring shows strong seasonal variations with three recharge origins, based on δ18O and electrical conductivity values. A clear seasonal trend is observed, caused by the continuously changing portions of water derived from snowmelt, rainfall and groundwater. At the onset of the snowmelt period in May, the discharge is composed mainly of groundwater. During the maximum snowmelt period, the water is dominantly composed of water derived from snowmelt and subordinately from rainfall. During July and August, water derived from snowmelt continuously decreases and water derived from rainfall increases. During September and October, the water released at the spring is mainly derived from groundwater and subordinately from rainfall. The distinct discharge plateau from August to December and the following recession until March is likely related to the large regional groundwater body in the fissured and moderately karstified aquifer of the Wetterstein Formation and the tectonic structures (anticline, major fault). Only a small portion of the water released at spring Q-GS is derived from permafrost.

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Karst hydrogeology of the Untersberg massif and its interaction with the porous aquifer in the adjacent Salzburg Basin

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Karst hydrogeology of Lamprechtsofen (Leoganger Steinberge, Salzburg)

Karst hydrogeology of Lamprechtsofen (Leoganger Steinberge, Salzburg)

Potential influence of a planned landfill on a high karst plateau in Southwestern Montenegro to nearby karstic springs

Unusual catchment runoff in a high alpine karst environment influenced by a complex geological setting (Northern Calcareous Alps, Tyrol, Austria)

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