Karyotype of asparagus by physical mapping of 45S and 5S rDNA by FISH

Deng, Chuan‐Liang; Qin, Ruiyun; Wang, Ning-Na; Jian, Gao; Gao, Wu‐Jun; Longdou, Lu

doi:10.1007/s12041-012-0159-1

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…DNA content histograms were generated using the Partec software package (FloMax). Given that the X and Y chromosomes in garden asparagus ( A. officinalis ) are cytologically homomorphic (Deng et al 2012), representing a lack of degeneration and the relatively young age of Y, we did not discern between potential sex differences in the dioecious species.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrotransposon Proliferation Coincident with the Evolution of Dioecy inAsparagus

Harkess

Mercati

Abbate

et al. 2016

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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Current phylogenetic sampling reveals that dioecy and an XY sex chromosome pair evolved once, or possibly twice, in the genus Asparagus. Although there appear to be some lineage-specific polyploidization events, the base chromosome number of 2n = 2× = 20 is relatively conserved across the Asparagus genus. Regardless, dioecious species tend to have larger genomes than hermaphroditic species. Here, we test whether this genome size expansion in dioecious species is related to a polyploidization and subsequent chromosome fusion, or to retrotransposon proliferation in dioecious species. We first estimate genome sizes, or use published values, for four hermaphrodites and four dioecious species distributed across the phylogeny, and show that dioecious species typically have larger genomes than hermaphroditic species. Utilizing a phylogenomic approach, we find no evidence for ancient polyploidization contributing to increased genome sizes of sampled dioecious species. We do find support for an ancient whole genome duplication (WGD) event predating the diversification of the Asparagus genus. Repetitive DNA content of the four hermaphroditic and four dioecious species was characterized based on randomly sampled whole genome shotgun sequencing, and common elements were annotated. Across our broad phylogenetic sampling, Ty-1 Copia retroelements, in particular, have undergone a marked proliferation in dioecious species. In the absence of a detectable WGD event, retrotransposon proliferation is the most likely explanation for the precipitous increase in genome size in dioecious Asparagus species.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrotransposon Proliferation Coincident with the Evolution of Dioecy inAsparagus

Harkess

Mercati

Abbate

et al. 2016

G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics

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“…Garden asparagus (A. officinalis) is dioecious, with XX females and males carrying homomorphic X and Y chromosomes (27). Maleness has been linked to the M locus and is expected to be dominant, with Mm males and mm females.…”

Section: Asparagusmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Hundred Ways to Invent the Sexes: Theoretical and Observed Paths to Dioecy in Plants

Henry

Akagi

Tao

et al. 2018

Annu. Rev. Plant Biol.

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Dioecy, the presence of male and female flowers on separate individuals, is both widespread and uncommon within flowering plants, with only a few percent of dioecious species spread across most major phylogenetic taxa. It is therefore safe to assume that dioecy evolved independently in these different groups, which allows us to ask questions regarding the molecular and developmental mechanisms underlying these independent transitions to dioecy. We start this review by examining the problem from the standpoint of a genetic engineer trying to develop dioecy, discuss various potential solutions, and compare them to models proposed in the past and based on genetic and evolutionary considerations. Next, we present recent information regarding candidate sex determinants in three species, acquired using newly established genomic approaches. Although such specific information is still scarce, it is slowly becoming apparent that various genes or pathways can be altered to evolve dioecy.

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“…It is a dioecious species with an XX/ XY sex determination system, where the presence of a Y chromosome in males dominantly suppresses female organogenesis and promotes complete development of fertile anthers. X and Y are cytologically homomorphic (Flory, 1932;L€ optien, 1979;Telgmann-Rauber et al, 2007;Deng et al, 2012), suggesting that the conversion of an autosome pair to a sex chromosome is a recent event. Co-dominant markers verify a nonrecombining, male-specific region on the Y chromosome that distinguishes males from females (Jamsari et al, 2004;Nakayama et al, 2006;Kanno et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex‐biased gene expression in dioecious garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)

et al. 2015

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SummarySex chromosomes have evolved independently in phylogenetically diverse flowering plant lineages. The genes governing sex determination in dioecious species remain unknown, but theory predicts that the linkage of genes influencing male and female function will spur the origin and early evolution of sex chromosomes. For example, in an XY system, the origin of an active Y may be spurred by the linkage of female suppressing and male promoting genes.Garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) serves as a model for plant sex chromosome evolution, given that it has recently evolved an XX/XY sex chromosome system. In order to elucidate the molecular basis of gender differences and sex determination, we used RNAsequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify differentially expressed genes between female (XX), male (XY) and supermale (YY) individuals.We identified 570 differentially expressed genes, and showed that significantly more genes exhibited male-biased than female-biased expression in garden asparagus. In the context of anther development, we identified genes involved in pollen microspore and tapetum development that were specifically expressed in males and supermales.Comparative analysis of genes in the Arabidopsis thaliana, Zea mays and Oryza sativa anther development pathways shows that anther sterility in females probably occurs through interruption of tapetum development before microspore meiosis.

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Karyotype of asparagus by physical mapping of 45S and 5S rDNA by FISH

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

Retrotransposon Proliferation Coincident with the Evolution of Dioecy inAsparagus

Retrotransposon Proliferation Coincident with the Evolution of Dioecy inAsparagus

One Hundred Ways to Invent the Sexes: Theoretical and Observed Paths to Dioecy in Plants

Sex‐biased gene expression in dioecious garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)

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