“…The exact mechanism underlying ischemic preconditioning (IPC)-induced tolerance remains unclear, although a number of possible induction pathways have been investigated, including, among others, neuroactive cytokines (Nawashiro et al, 1996;Ohtsuki et al, 1996), activation of glutamate receptors (Best et al, 1996;Pringle et al, 1996), adenosine receptors, the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K ϩ ATP ) (Heurteaux et al, 1995;Perez-Pinzon et al, 1996Riepe et al, 1997;Blondeau et al, 2000), nitric oxide (Caggiano and Kraig, 1998;Centeno et al, 1999;GonzalezZulueta et al, 2000), oxidative stress (Ohtsuki et al, 1992), hypothermia (Nishio et al, 2000), and hyperthermia (Chopp et al, 1989;Rordorff et al, 1991).…”