Kawasaki disease and immunodeficiencies in children: case reports and literature review

Rivas-Larrauri, Francisco; Aguilar-Zanela, Lorena; Castro-Oteo, Paola Guadalupe; Rosales-Hernandez, Luis Adrian; Otero-Mendoza, Francisco; López‐Herrera, Gabriela; Ordoñez-Ortega, Javier; Garrido-Garcı́a, Luis Martı́n; Yamazaki‐Nakashimada, Marco Antonio

doi:10.1007/s00296-019-04382-w

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…KD has been described as a complication of diverse primary and seco nodeficiency disorders. Nineteen studies were found reporting forty KD pat munodeficiencies [59]. The most convincing evidence that immunodeficienc a person to the development of KD comes from a study of adults with KD adults; about one-third of adult KD cases are associated with HIV infecti than 20 HIV-infected patients with KD have been reported.…”

Section: Kd Occurs In Children and Adults With Primary And Secondary Immunodefimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…KD has been described as a complication of diverse primary and secondary immunodeficiency disorders. Nineteen studies were found reporting forty KD patients with immunodeficiencies [59]. The most convincing evidence that immunodeficiency predisposes a person to the development of KD comes from a study of adults with KD.…”

Section: Kd Occurs In Children and Adults With Primary And Secondary Immunodeficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most convincing evidence that immunodeficiency predisposes a person to the development of KD comes from a study of adults with KD. KD is rare in adults; about one-third of adult KD cases are associated with HIV infection [59]. More than 20 HIV-infected patients with KD have been reported.…”

Section: Kd Occurs In Children and Adults With Primary And Secondary Immunodeficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hygiene Hypothesis as the Etiology of Kawasaki Disease: Dysregulation of Early B Cell Development

Lee

2021

IJMS

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Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis that occurs predominantly in children under 5 years of age. Despite much study, the etiology of KD remains unknown. However, epidemiological and immunological data support the hygiene hypothesis as a possible etiology. It is thought that more sterile or clean modern living environments due to increased use of sanitizing agents, antibiotics, and formula feeding result in a lack of immunological challenges, leading to defective or dysregulated B cell development, accompanied by low IgG and high IgE levels. A lack of B cell immunity may increase sensitivity to unknown environmental triggers that are nonpathogenic in healthy individuals. Genetic studies of KD show that all of the KD susceptibility genes identified by genome-wide association studies are involved in B cell development and function, particularly in early B cell development (from the pro-B to pre-B cell stage). The fact that intravenous immunoglobulin is an effective therapy for KD supports this hypothesis. In this review, I discuss clinical, epidemiological, immunological, and genetic studies showing that the etiopathogenesis of KD in infants and toddlers can be explained by the hygiene hypothesis, and particularly by defects or dysregulation during early B cell development.

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Section: Kd Occurs In Children and Adults With Primary And Secondary Immunodefimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kd Occurs In Children and Adults With Primary And Secondary Immunodeficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kd Occurs In Children and Adults With Primary And Secondary Immunodeficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hygiene Hypothesis as the Etiology of Kawasaki Disease: Dysregulation of Early B Cell Development

Lee

2021

IJMS

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“…KLS occurs in association with moderate to severe immunodepression, low CD4 count, and high viral load [ 27 •]. It is probably that KD and KLS are the same disease because they share inflammatory signature such as soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFRII) and chemokines Cdl1, Cdl2, and Cxcl11 [ 28 ].…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasculitides in HIV Infection

Vega¹,

Espinoza

2020

Curr Rheumatol Rep

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Purpose of Review To review the spectrum of vasculitides in HIV-infected patients and to identify the clinical features that characterize vasculitis in sero-positive HIV. Recent Findings Epidemiological studies conducted in the post-HAART era described the rarity of vasculitis in the setting of HIV-infected patients. A study identified histopathological features such as leukocytoclastic vasculitis of the vasa vasorum and adventitial inflammation in the large artery pathology of HIV-positive patients compared with HIV-negative patients with critical lower limb ischemia. A recent retrospective cohort study reported that HIV-positive patients with LVV developed more vascular complications, responded less to antiretroviral therapy, and had worse outcome than HIV-negative patients with LVV. Summary Vasculitides continue to be a rare disease in patients with HIV. The spectrum of vasculitis ranges from life-threatening conditions to relatively mild skin conditions. Recognizing vasculitis in the setting of HIV-positive patients is important because sometimes it require immunosuppressive treatment.

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“…6 Many studies have indicated that KD is involved in aspects of autoimmune diseases. [7][8][9] For example, autoimmunity-associated thrombosis initiated by the binding of anti-endothelial cell autoantibodies to endothelial cells might play an essential role in the pathogenesis of certain subtypes of KD. 10 Innate and adaptive immune responses presenting dysregulated conditions are also evident in the acute stages of KD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism LncRNA AC008392.1/rs7248320 in CARD8 is Associated with Kawasaki Disease Susceptibility in the Han Chinese Population

Guo¹,

Qiu²,

Xu³

et al. 2021

JIR

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Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystem vasculitis in infants and young children and involved in the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Genetic factors may increase the risk of KD. To assess the association between rs7248320 in long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) AC008392.1 located in the upstream region of CARD8 and the risk of KD, a case–control study was conducted in the Han Chinese population. Methods This study genotyped the polymorphism rs7248320 in the lncRNA AC008392.1 gene using the TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. The genetic contribution of rs7248320 was evaluated using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using unconditional logistic regression analysis. The association between rs7248320 and KD susceptibility was analyzed by performing a hospital-based case–control study including 559 KD patients and 1055 non-KD controls. Results In this study, a significant relationship between rs7248320 and KD risk was observed in the genotype/allele frequency distribution. The rs7248320 polymorphism was associated with a significantly decreased risk of KD after adjustment for age and sex (AG vs AA: adjusted OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.64–0.99, P = 0.0421; GG vs AA: adjusted OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51–1.00, P = 0.0492; AG/GG vs AA: adjusted OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63–0.96, P = 0.0186). Moreover, the rs7248320 G allele also exhibited a decreased risk for KD (adjusted OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72–0.97, P = 0.0193) compared with the A allele. In the stratification analysis, compared to the rs7248320 AA genotype, AG/GG genotypes were more protective for males (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.55–0.93, P = 0.0122). Conclusion This study suggests for the first time that the lncRNA AC008392.1 rs7248320 polymorphism may be involved in KD susceptibility in the Han Chinese population.

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Kawasaki disease and immunodeficiencies in children: case reports and literature review

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Hygiene Hypothesis as the Etiology of Kawasaki Disease: Dysregulation of Early B Cell Development

Hygiene Hypothesis as the Etiology of Kawasaki Disease: Dysregulation of Early B Cell Development

Vasculitides in HIV Infection

Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism LncRNA AC008392.1/rs7248320 in CARD8 is Associated with Kawasaki Disease Susceptibility in the Han Chinese Population

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