Kazda (Anser anser domesticus) Larynx, Trachae and Syrinx’in Makroskobik Anatomisi

Abstract

Makale Kodu (Article Code): KVFD-2009-917 SummaryIn this study, larynx, trachea and syrinx of eight domestic mature geese (Anser anser domesticus) weighing 4500-5000g were examined. The larynx was formed by single cartilago (cart.) cricoidea and cart. procricoidea, and a paired cart. arytenoidea. Cartilagines trachea numbered 137-140 and variations in their diameters were detected along their courses. The cartilage rings localized near the middle of the trachea were in contact with the previous or following rings and formed "H" letter shape. Some rings were dorsally and some were ventrally forked. The syrinx was tracheobronchial type and formed by cartilagines (cartt.) tracheosyringeales and cartt. bronchosyringeales. Cartilagines tracheosyringeales were tube shaped and fused in both directions. Rings were completely ossified except the first two. Cartilagines bronchosyringeales were made up of six 'C' shaped cartilage rings. The open medial faces of the last four cartt. bronchosyringeales came closer to each other and facing left and right parts were tightly attached to each other by connective tissue smooth muscle. The membrane tympaniformes lateralis and medialis were observed. The membrane tympaniformes lateralis was between the tympanum and the first cart. bronchosyringealis, and the membrane tympaniformes medialis was between the pessulus and the second cart. bronchosyringealis. In conclusion, the cartilage rings in middle parts of trachea which seem to be "H"-shaped forked and also the tympanum which is completely fused and ossified characteristic for the goose.

Computed tomographic and gross anatomy of the head of the blue‐fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva)

“…In blue-fronted Amazon parrots in this sample, the larynx comprised three cartilages and was similar in shape to other bird species (Çevik-Demirkan, Hazirǒlu, & Kürtül, 2007;Kabak, Orhan, & Haziroglu, 2007;Onuk, Haziroǧlu, & Kabak, 2010). In hens, ostriches, pigeons and crows, the cricoid cartilage has a similar cartilaginous frame but a broader and flatter body and rostral process (Bock, 1978;Hogg, 1982;Tadjalli, Mansouri, & Poostpasand, 2008;Zweers, Van Pelt, & Beckers, 1981).…”

Morphology of the syrinx of three species of birds from Brazilian cerrado (Psittacara leucophthalmus, Rhynchotus rufescens and Cariama cristata): Gross anatomy and light microscopy study

“…The red‐winged tinamou and red‐legged seriema syringes were of the tracheobronchial type, as well as in guinea fowl (Bottino et al, 2006), cinnamon‐tailed buzzard (Kabak et al, 2007), goose (Onuk et al, 2010), greater rhea (Picasso & Carril, 2013), chukar partridge (Erdögan et al, 2015), turkey (Ragab et al, 2016) and Mallard duck (Mohamed, 2017). The white‐eyed parakeet syrinx, in turn, was of the tracheal type, as well as that of other parrots (Gaunt & Gaunt, 1985).…”

“…Medial and lateral tympaniform membranes were observed in the red‐winged tinamou and red‐legged seriema, whereas only the lateral tympaniform membrane was found in the white‐eyed parakeet. Both membranes are present in passerines (Warner, 1972a), pigeon (Al‐Badri et al, 2014), goose (Onuk et al, 2010), greater rhea (Picasso & Carril, 2013), turkey (Ragab et al, 2016) and Mallard duck (Mohamed, 2017). Regarding psitacids such as white‐eyed parakeet, there is no consensus on the number of functional membranes (Gaunt & Gaunt, 1985).…”

“…In the greater rhea, a single pair of intrinsic muscles was observed, which consisted of wide and thin muscle bands with an oblique course that extended from the dorsal region of the tracheal cartilages (immediately anterior to the tympanum) to the ventral surface of the first three bronchosyringeal cartilages (Picasso & Carril, 2013). Species that lack functional intrinsic syringeal muscles are supposedly only capable of making simple noises (grunts, hisses) such as storks, New World vultures, chickens, geese and ostriches (Appel, 1929; Gill, 1995; McLelland, 1990; Onuk et al, 2010; Yildiz et al, 2003). In this study, red‐winged tinamou and red‐legged seriema were also examples of birds without these muscles; however, unlike the red‐winged tinamou, red‐legged seriema vocalizations are sequences of long, intense and structurally complex tonal notes (Redford & Peters, 1986).…”

Morphology and Morphometry of the Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) Trachea

“…In the domestic goose, verified along the trachea that the shape of the lumen and the diameter varied in their proportions, from rounded to oval 5 . For the same species, the rings in the cranial half of the trachea could interlock dorsally and ventrally, presenting in this way the shape of an "H" with grooves that project internally 11 . The trachea was described to be composed of complete cartilaginous rings7, as observed in the Magellanic penguin.…”