KDELR3 Is a Prognostic Biomarker Related to the Immune Infiltration and Chemoresistance of Anticancer Drugs in Uveal Melanoma

Abstract

Uveal melanoma (UM) is an intraocular malignancy in adults in which approximately 50% of patients develop metastatic diseases and have a poor clinical outcome. Immunotherapies are quickly becoming a need, and recent research has produced some amazing achievements in this area. In the current investigation, an attempt was made to evaluate the prognostic usefulness of KDELR3 in UM, particularly its connection with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The expression patterns of mRNAs and related clinical data of 80 UM patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). By using RT-PCR, we were able to investigate whether or not UM cells and D78 cells expressed KDELR3. The Kaplan-Meier approach, as well as univariate and multivariate tests, was utilized in order to investigate the potential predictive significance of KDELR3 expression. The associations between KDELR3 and TILs and immunological checkpoints were analyzed in order to evaluate the effect that KDELR3 may have on UM immunotherapy. On the basis of the differential expression of KDELR3, a distribution of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of various targeted medicines was observed. In this study, we found that the expression of KDELR3 was distinctly increased in most types of tumors. In addition, KDELR3 was highly expressed in UM cells. Moreover, patients with high KDELR3 expression exhibited a shorter overall survival and disease-free survival than those with low KDELR3 expression. Multivariate analyses confirmed that KDELR3 expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with UM. Furthermore, KDELR3 expression was demonstrated to be positively correlated with macrophage M1, T cell CD8, T cell follicular helper, dendritic cell resting, and T cell CD4 memory activated. Meanwhile, the expression of KDELR3 was related to several immune checkpoints. The IC50 of AP-24534, BHG712, bleomycin, camptothecin, cisplatin, cytarabine, GSK1070916, and tipifarnib was higher in the KDELR3 high-expression group. In conclusion, KDELR3 may be applied as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for UM patients.

Screening of key modules and key genes in the prevention of skin cancer development based on gene volcano plot and WGCNA

“…There is a correlation between the gene KDELR3 and an increase in C-reactive protein. 23 In cSCC, there is a low level of expression of both ECM1 and WIPI1.…”

“…There is a correlation between the gene KDELR3 and an increase in C‐reactive protein. 23 In cSCC, there is a low level of expression of both ECM1 and WIPI1. ECM1 is responsible for regulating not just the development of the epidermis but also angiogenesis, the binding of cutaneous collagen and glycoproteins, and the process.…”

Genetics and RNA Regulation of Uveal Melanoma

“…Other UM histopathologic features, such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and vascular patterns, have been classically correlated with the prognosis of UM. Although TILs are less frequently found in UM than in CM, two patterns of lymphocytic infiltration have been described: patchy or diffuse [57][58][59][60][61]. High levels of TILs have been correlated with poor prognosis and chromosome 3 loss in UM patients, while it has been widely accepted that they are predictive of a better outcome in other malignancies such as breast carcinoma, CM, and non-small cell lung cancer.…”

Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulators exhibit different prognostic, therapeutic and immune landscapes in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

“…For example, a microarray study demonstrated that KDELR3 is a biomarker of atherosclerosis (AS) onset 14 . In uveal melanoma (UM), KDELR3 is associated with prognosis, immune infiltration and chemoresistance 15 . The roles of KDELR3 in PAAD have not been elucidated.…”

“… 14 In uveal melanoma (UM), KDELR3 is associated with prognosis, immune infiltration and chemoresistance. 15 The roles of KDELR3 in PAAD have not been elucidated.…”