Keanekaragaman Jenis Dan Sebaran Fagaceae Di Indonesia

Abstract

Fagaceae umumnya pohon, salah satu suku dengan jumlah jenis yang cukup besar ± 700 jenis di dunia tetapi sebagian besar tumbuh di belahan bumi utara. Di wilayah Malesia, ada lima marga yaitu Nothofagus, Castanopsis, Lithocarpus, Quercus dan Trigonobalanus dan jumlah jenis ± 180 dan sebagian besar di Indonesia tercatat 112 jenis. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan studi literatur untuk menentukan keanekaragaman jenis Fagaceae di Indonesia serta distribusi dan pemanfaatannya. Fagaceae paling banyak tumbuh di Indonesia adalah marga Lithocarpus (60 jenis) dan Castanopsis (24 jenis), sementara Nothofagus (11 jen i s) sebarannya hanya di Papua. Distribusi jenis Lithocarpus paling di Sumatera (29 jenis) dan Kalimantan (26 jenis), sementara Castanopsis paling banyak di Kalimantan (15 jenis). Untuk Nusa Tenggara tidak ditemukan jenis-jenis Fag a cea e dan ke arah timur Indonesia semakin sedikit jumlah jenisnya, di Sulawesi dan Maluku hanya diketemukan satu jenis. Sebaran Fagaceae dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, terutama tanah, iklim, dan ketinggian. Di Indonesia habitat tumbuh Fagaceae di hutan yang masih alami, tetapi ada beberapa yang mampu tumbuh di rawa seperti Nothofagus womersleyi. Berdasarkan ketinggian tempat (altitude) umumnya Fagaceae di hutan submontane dengan ketinggian 600 -1 50 0 m namun ada beberapa spesies yang mampu tumbuh hingga ketinggian >3000 m. Fagaceae yang memiliki sebaran luas (ditemukan di beberapa pulau) ada dua jen i s yaitu Castanopsis acuminatissima dan Lithocarpus elegans. Pada umumnya pemanfaatan Fagaceae adalah kayunya untuk bahan bangunan dan furniture teta p i ada jenis Castanopsis yang dapat dimakan bijinya dan selain itu kulit kayu mengandung tanin bisa untuk pewarna.

Vegetation community and species association of Castanopsis spp. at its habitat in the remnant forest of Cibodas Botanical Garden, Indonesia

“…It can be assumed that the gap size of Leuwigoong is smaller than the rest of the location which affects light availability to promote the germination in this area as described in a previous study of the effect of gap size on regeneration of C. kawakamii is highly promoted by gap size, the larger gap size the higher regeneration rate (Buajan et al 2018). In general, Castanopsis growth cycle and diversity were influenced by the physical and chemical characteristics of the habitat as described by (Purwaningsih and Polosakan 2016;Chu et al 2020;He et al 2020). Castanopsis is well adapted in high altitude with high precipitation, a soil composition of 11.2% sand, 47.3% clay and 41.5% silt, 40% slope, and 60-97% relative humidity.…”

“…Previous studies revealed that Castanopsis species were distributed abundantly, especially in South China and the Indo-China region (Chen et al 2013;Cheuk and Fischer 2021). This genus has about 120 species in subtropical and tropical South Asia, 34 species in Malesia, and 24 species in Indonesia (Phengklai 2006;Purwaningsih and Polosakan 2016). Most of the genus Castanopsis is categorized as monoecious, evergreen and important taxa (Sun et al 2014).…”

“…They can grow from low to high altitude in the Western part of Indonesia, including Kalimantan, Sumatera, and Java. In West Java, there are four species occurring from 0 to 2500 m asl: Castanopsis argentea at 150-1500 m asl, C. javanica at 0-2000 m asl, Castanopsis tungurrut at 0-1800 m asl and C. acuminatissima at 760-2500 m asl (Purwaningsih and Polosakan 2016). C. javanica dominated the first layer stand in the forest of Mt.…”

Variation in the Composition and Structure of Natural Lowland Forests at Bodogol, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java, Indonesia

“…The occurrence of low species richness is reflected also in a species-area curve. The speciesarea relationship is essential to ecology (Plotkin et al, 2000) and it can also be used to approximate species extinction resulting from habitat loss (May et al, 1995;Pimm & Raven, 2000) and to assess patterns of species diversity in different forest types (Ashton, 1965;Mueller-Dombois & Ellenberg, 1974, 2016. The curve was constructed to indicate species diversity in relation to the increasing size of the area (Mueller-Dombois & Ellenberg, 1974, 2016 within the plot.…”

“…Lauraceae, Fagaceae, and Euphorbiaceae are common families in the submontane forests (Steenis et al, 2006;Purwaningsih & Polosakan, 2016), hence, the forest is often designated as Lauro-Fagaceous forest (Steenis & Shippers-Lammertse, 1965;Steenis et al, 2006). In the present study, families in the submontane forest with a high number of species (> 5) were Lauraceae, Fagaceae, and Euphorbiaceae (Table 5).…”