Keeping UAVs Under Control During GPS Jamming

Bergh, Bertold Van den; Pollin, Sofie

doi:10.1109/jsyst.2018.2882769

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Based on this, protocol aware jamming or smart jamming was found to be the most efficient [120] . GPS jamming is very prevalent as such and jammers are easily available in the market [121] . A study in 2013 by Chronos Technology supported by the United Kingdom Technology Strategy Board investigated the prevalence of such vectors by setting up several monitoring stations across the .…”

Section: Uav Neutralizing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Attacks and Neutralization Techniques

et al. 2021

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have revolution- ized the aircraft industry in this decade. UAVs are now capable of carrying out remote sensing, remote monitoring, courier delivery, and a lot more. A lot of research is happening on making UAVs more robust using energy harvesting techniques to have a better battery lifetime, network performance and to secure against attackers. UAV networks are many times used for unmanned missions. There have been many attacks on civilian, military, and industrial targets that were carried out using remotely controlled or automated UAVs. This continued misuse has led to research in preventing unauthorized UAVs from causing damage to life and property. In this paper, we present a literature review of UAVs, UAV attacks, and their prevention using anti-UAV techniques. We first discuss the different types of UAVs, the regulatory laws for UAV activities, their use cases, recreational, and military UAV incidents. After understanding their operation, various techniques for monitoring and preventing UAV attacks are described along with case studies.

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Section: Uav Neutralizing Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Attacks and Neutralization Techniques

et al. 2021

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“… Westbrook (2019) discussed about new geographies of conflict due to the prevailing use of military-grade GPS jamming equipment by both state and non-state actors as an offensive tool of electronic warfare. Owing to the GPS signal being very weak and well below the background RF noise level measured by the receiver ( Silva, 2017 ; Van den Bergh & Pollin, 2019 ), it can be affected by the ionospheric attenuation and other factors such as the path followed by the satellite’s transmissions to the receiver and unlicensed use of the GPS band. The jamming of a GPS signal depends upon various parameters such as the power of the original signal and distance of the jamming signal generator from the GPS receiver etc.…”

Section: Gps Threat Landscapementioning

confidence: 99%

On GPS spoofing of aerial platforms: a review of threats, challenges, methodologies, and future research directions

Khan

Mohsin

Iqbal³

2021

PeerJ Computer Science

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Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAVs, Drones), initially known only for their military applications, are getting increasingly popular in the civil sector as well. Over the military canvas, drones have already proven themselves as a potent force multiplier through unmanned, round-the-clock, long-range and high-endurance missions for surveillance, reconnaissance, search and rescue, and even armed combat applications. With the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), commercial deployments of drones are also growing exponentially, ranging from cargo and taxi services to agriculture, disaster relief, risk assessment and monitoring of critical infrastructures. Irrespective of the deployment sector, drones are often entrusted to conduct safety, time and liability critical tasks, thus requiring secure, robust and trustworthy operations. In contrast, the rise in UAVs’ demand, coupled with market pressure to reduce size, weight, power and cost (SwaP-C) parameters, has caused vendors to often ignore security aspects, thus inducing serious safety and security threats. As UAVs rely on Global Positioning System (GPS) for positioning and navigation, they can fall prey to GPS jamming and spoofing attacks. The vulnerability of GPS to spoofing has serious implications for UAVs, as victim drones using civil GPS can be misdirected or even completely hijacked for malicious intents, as already demonstrated in several academic research efforts using commercially available GPS spoofing hardware. Beside UAVs, GPS spoofing attacks are equally applicable to other GPS-dependent platforms, including manned aircraft, ground vehicles, and cellular systems. This paper conducts a comprehensive review of GPS spoofing threats, with a special focus on their applicability over UAVs and other GPS-dependent mobile platforms. It presents a novel taxonomy of GPS spoofing attacks and critically analyzes different spoofing techniques based upon placement of spoofing device, attack stealthiness, attack methodologies, and objectives of the attacker. We also discuss some of the recent experiments from open literature which utilized commercially available hardware for successfully conducting spoofing attacks.

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“…Finally, authors in [39], introduced a jamming-based navigation solution to be used as a backup navigation system when radio-jamming prevents the reception of GPS signals: a multi-antenna communication system is adopted for estimating the angle of arrival of the ground home transmitter. While authors address the issue of jamming navigation under GPS jamming, their solution exploits beam-forming to locate the jamming source.…”

Section: ) Jamming Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where λ is the radio frequency wavelength, P t and P r are the transmitted and the received power by the jammer and the drone, respectively, and finally, G is the product of the transmitter-receiver antenna gains in Line of Sight (LoS). Equation 1 is particularly suitable for LoS scenarios and it has been proven to provide excellent performance for the ground-to-air link [39], [45], such that one experienced by a remote controller and a drone. It is worth noticing that, although the transmitted power and the transmitter's antenna gain might be unknown to the drone, the important information for localisation (and navigation) purposes is the variation of the received power when the drone moves closer-to/further from the jammer.…”

Section: System and Adversary Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, we highlight that deterministic path loss models (such that one adopted in this work) has been proved in the literature to be suitable for several suburban and rural environments [46], i.e., open field areas with no obstructions. Conversely, we did not take into account multipath fading since the adopted model has been proved to be a good approximation for the channel attenuation of the droneto-controller link [12], [30], [35], [39], [43]. Figure 1 shows a toy example where the drone is flying over a no-fly-zone to reach a pre-determined target (close to the jammer).…”

Section: System and Adversary Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leveraging Jamming to Help Drones Complete Their Mission

2020

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We propose JAM-ME, an autonomous jamming-assisted navigation system that allows a drone to accomplish its mission even in the presence of an anti-drone jamming protection system. In this contribution, we review the current state-of-the-art highlighting how current solutions to respond to drones are completely ineffective against JAM-ME. In particular, we introduce our solution and its theoretical framework, and later we relax a few constraints of the baseline model (adding wind drift, and allowing the target to be randomly placed within the jammed area). Moreover, we run extensive simulations that do support our findings: even under the combined action of jamming and wind drift, the drone can reach a target randomly deployed in the jamming area-any other drone, under the same conditions, would have simply failed. As per the overhead, under very conservative assumptions, JAM-ME experiences an average overhead of 70%; however, note that such overhead can be reduced by at least a tenfold factor in practical settings-discussed in the paper. Finally, we highlight the intrinsic limitations of our solution, potential countermeasures, and new jamming strategies that can pave the way to further research.

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Keeping UAVs Under Control During GPS Jamming

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

A Comprehensive Review of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Attacks and Neutralization Techniques

A Comprehensive Review of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Attacks and Neutralization Techniques

On GPS spoofing of aerial platforms: a review of threats, challenges, methodologies, and future research directions

Leveraging Jamming to Help Drones Complete Their Mission

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