Kemampuan Tumbuhan Terna dalam Menekan Potensi Inokulum Rigidoporus microporus

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenyakit akar putih yang disebabkan oleh Rigidoporus microporus ialah penyakit penting pada tanaman karet yang sukar dikendalikan. Kemampuan beberapa jenis tumbuhan terna dalam menekan potensi inokulum dan infeksi R. microporus diuji pada percobaan dalam pot kantong plastik. Tumbuhan terna yang diuji ialah garut (Marantha arundinacea), temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), lidah mertua (Sansevieria fasciata), lengkuas hutan (Alpinia malaccensis), lengkuas (A. galanga), ganyong (Canna indica), kunyit (Curcuma longa), talas (Colocasia esculenta), dan uwi (Dioscorea alata). Inokulum patogen yang berupa miselium pada potongan kayu karet dibenamkan selama 90 hari pada tanah yang ditanami tumbuhan uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan rizomorf R. microporus dalam tanah nyata lebih rendah pada perlakuan garut, temu lawak, lidah mertua, ganyong dan talas. Penekanan viabilitas inokulum dan pertumbuhan rizomorf terjadi pada seluruh perlakuan tumbuhan terna uji, kecuali lidah mertua. Pengamatan lebih lanjut, tidak ditemukan kolonisasi rizomorf dan nekrosis akar tunggang pada bibit karet pada perlakuan tumbuhan terna, kecuali pada perlakuan lengkuas hutan dan lidah mertua Kata Kunci: karet, penyakit akar putih, potensi inokulum, rizomorf ABSTRACT White root disease caused by Rigidoporus microporus is an important disease of rubber tree and is very difficult to control. The ability of some herbaceous plant species to suppress inoculum potential and infection of R. microporus was studied in a pot trial. Nine species of herbaceous plants were examined, i.e. arrowroot (Marantha arundinacea), java curcumin (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), sansevieria (Sansevieria fasciata), Mallaca galangal (Alpinia malaccensis), greater galangal (Alpinia galanga), Indian shot (Canna indica), curcumin (Curcuma longa), wild taro (Colocasia esculenta), and water yam (Dioscorea alata). Pathogen's inocula as mycelial colonizing rubber wood sticks were buried for 90 days in soil planted with tested plants. The results showed that formation of R. microporus rhizomorph in the soil was lower in pots planted with arrowroot, java cucurmin, sansevieria, Indian shot, and wild taro. All herbaceous plants, except sansevieria, caused suppression of inoculum viability and rhizomorph development. Further observation showed no colonization of rhizomorph nor necrosis of the root was found, except on Mallaca galangal and sansevieria.

Growth responses of oil palm seedling inoculated with Ganoderma boninense under competition with edible herbaceous plants

“…Potential use of mixed cropping with perennial herbaceous plants against long-term survival wood decay fungus Rigidoporus microporus has been evaluated in rubber plantation [5]. Mixed planting with herbaceous plants such as edible canna (Canna indica), arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea), and cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), and water yam (Dioscorea alata) resulted in reduced mycelial growth and inoculum viability of R. microporus [6]. Silva et al [7] demonstrated that aqueous rhizome extracts of Curcuma domestica (turmeric) and Alpinia galanga (galangale) showed an allelopathic inhibition on R. microporus both on agar and soil medium.…”

The suppression of Ganoderma boninense on oil palm under mixed planting with taro plants

“…In another study, intercropping with taro (Colocasia esculenta) was linked to disease reduction in Falcataria moluccana, leading to higher forest tree survival rates (Nandini et al 2023). Additionally, an artificial inoculation pot trial found that mixed planting with Xanthosoma taro suppressed mycelial growth of Rigidoporus microporus and reduced rubber seedling taproot disease (Yulianti et al 2017).…”

“…Previous studies have demonstrated the suppression effects of taro plants against the polypore fungal pathogen Rigidoporus microporus, which causes white root rot in rubber trees. The viability and growth of rhizomorphcolonized rubber wood blocks (RWB) were suppressed after the RWB blocks were buried for 90 days in soil containing taro plants (Yulianti et al 2017). Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate Ganoderma boninense infections and oil palm growth in a mixed planting of oil palm seedlings and taro plants of Japanese, Bogor, and Indralaya taro species.…”

Allelopathic potential of root exudates from perennial herbaceous plants against Ganoderma boninense

“…Suppression activity of those perennial herbaceous against wood decay fungi has been studied on Rigidoporus microporus, a white root rot pathogen of rubber tree. Viability and growth of rhizomorph colonizing rubber wood block was suppressed after buried for 90 days in soil planted with herbaceous plants [10]. Our recent study suggested an interference of G. boninense mycelial colonization exposed to exudates collected from the herbaceous plants (edible canna, arrowroot and taro Xanthosoma) growing under nonaseptic condition [11].…”

“…In a field soil trial, burying of rubber wood block colonized by G. boninense into roots of taro plants had induced in 2.1 times higher the wood decomposition [25]. Allelopathic activities had been considered to be associated with reduction in rhizomorph viability and growth of R. microporus colonizing rubber wood blocks buried closely to X. sagittifolium, C. indica, or M. arundinacea [10]. Further study is needed to determined antifungal activity of those perennial herbaceous under soil infiltration assay.…”