Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Impact on Post-Germination Seedling Growth

Webber, Charles L.; White, Paul M.; Myers, Dwight L.; Shrefler, James W.; Taylor, Merritt J.

doi:10.5539/jas.v7n12p91

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The Kenaf 100-I treatment (kenaf incorporation after 100 DAP) may present potential problems related to allelopathy as indicated by the trend of decreased sugarcane millable stalk populations (Webber et al, 2015a(Webber et al, , 2015b. The incorporation of the kenaf certainly didn't provide any positive trends for the sugarcane production factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…populations, which benefited the next year's soybean crop. Unfortunately, it has also been determined that kenaf can be allelopathic to other plant species (Russo et al, 1997a(Russo et al, , 1997bWebber et al, 2015aWebber et al, , 2015b. It is unknown whether using kenaf as a rotational crop for sugarcane will detrimentally impact the following sugarcane crop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as Sugarcane Cover Crops

Webber¹,

White²,

Petrie³

et al. 2016

JAS

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A Louisiana sugarcane field is typically replanted every four years due to declining yields, and, although, it is a costly process, it is both necessary and an opportunity to maximize the financial return during the next four year cropping cycle. Fallow planting systems (FPS) during the fallow period prior to replanting sugarcane have the potential to influence not only the following sugarcane crop, but the economics of the production system as a whole. A 2 year experiment was conducted at the USDA, ARS, Sugarcane Research Unit at Houma, LA to determine the impact of unique FPS on sugarcane production. The experiment included seven treatments; two cover crops, kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) and cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), three FPS harvest treatments for each FPS crop, and a control. The experiment had four replications. Kenaf was selected as a potential cover crop due to interest in its commercial by-products and cowpea was selected due to its potential to facilitate climate friendly soils. The kenaf and cowpeas were planted on 8 May 2013. The three FPS harvest treatments included the removal of the FPS crop at 50 days after planting (DAP), the removal of the harvested FPS crop at 100 DAP, and lastly, cutting the FPS crop at 100 DAP and incorporating the plant material into the soil prior to sugarcane planting. The control treatment did not have a cover crop. Unlike kenaf, the cowpea leaf, fresh and dry weight yields (50 DAP), 19.4 and 2.5 mt/ha, respectively, decreased to 17.0 and 2.4 mt/ha (100 DAP). Although the sugarcane total recoverable sucrose (TRS) (kg/mt) was greater with the kenaf cover-crop treatment 50 DAP (120 kg/mt) compared to the cowpea treatment 50 DAP (111 kg/mt) and the cowpea 100 DAP with the residue incorporated (112 kg/ha), none of the FPS crop treatments were significantly better or worse than the control (no cover crop). The average values for the sugarcane production factors across all treatments were 95,700 stalks/ha (millable stalks), 112 mt/ha (sugarcane yield), 114 kg/mt (sugar yield per metric ton of sugarcane), and 12,841 kg/ha (sugar yield per hectare). The results demonstrate the potential use of these alternative cover crops during the fallow period prior to planting sugarcane without adversely affecting the plant cane yields.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as Sugarcane Cover Crops

Webber¹,

White²,

Petrie³

et al. 2016

JAS

Self Cite

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“…Many plant species, both crop and weed plants, are now known to produce compounds that when released into the environment can impact the growth and development of other plants (Rice, 1984). The general public's interest in more naturally produced crops is a positive incentive to explore the use of natural plant chemicals to either promote crop growth and production, or inhibit weed growth and development (Bowmick & Doll, 1982;Rice, 1984;Russo et al, 1997aRusso et al, , 1997bWebber et al, 2015aWebber et al, , 2015b2017a, 2017b. Information gleaned from allelopathic compounds is used to produce natural herbicides and in development of synthesized herbicides which are closely related to the allelopathic compounds (Duke & Dayan, 2013;Cheema & Khaliq, 2000;Gerwick & Sparks, 2014).…”

Section: Allelopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugarcane Field Residue and Root Allelopathic Impact on Weed Seed Germination

Webber¹,

White²,

Landrum³

et al. 2017

JAS

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Allelopathy, the chemical interaction between plants, may result in the inhibition of plant growth and development, which can include compounds released from a crop that adversely impact weed species. The objective of this research was to determine the allelopathic impact of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) field residue and root water extracts on seed germination of three weed species. Red morningglory (Ipomoea coccinea L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), and spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus L.)] seeds were treated with five extract concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 g/L) from either sugarcane field residue or sugarcane root extracts. The field residue and roots were from sugarcane variety 'HoCP 96-540' plant cane. Germination generally decreased with increasing sugarcane field residue extract concentrations in the three weed species tested. At the highest residue concentration (100 g/L), red morningglory, redroot pigweed, and spiny amaranth germination decreased by 29%, 17.5% and 80.5%, respectively. Germination generally decreased with increasing sugarcane root extract concentrations in red morningglory and redroot pigweed, but not with spiny amaranth. The highest root concentration (100 g/L) decreased red morningglory and redroot pigweed germination by 19.5% and 18.5%, respectively. This research provides the first bioassay demonstrating that sugarcane root extracts have allelopathic activity, and specifically in respect to red morningglory and redroot pigweed germination. Future research should investigate the allelopathic compounds present in the sugarcane field residue and roots, determine if the same allelopathic compounds are present and in similar concentrations among other sugarcane varieties, and further examine which weed species may be susceptible to the allelopathic compounds present in sugarcane roots.

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“…These compounds may be produced in a plant's leaves, stems, or roots, and either exuded from the plant parts, leached from the plant material, or transformed by microbial activity to become allelopathic (Rice, 1984). The demand by the general public for more naturally produced crops is a positive incentive to explore the use of natural plant chemicals to either promote crop growth and production, or inhibit weed growth and development (Bowmick & Doll, 1982;Rice, 1984;Russo et al, 1997aRusso et al, , 1997bWebber et al, 2015aWebber et al, , 2015b. The identification and modes of action of allelopathic compounds are used to produce natural herbicides and in the development of synthesized herbicides which are closely related the allelopathic compounds (Duke & Dayan, 2013;Gerwick & Sparks, 2014;Nimbal et al, 1996).…”

Section: Allelopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugarcane Field Residue and Bagasse Allelopathic Impact on Vegetable Seed Germination

Webber¹,

White²,

Landrum³

et al. 2017

JAS

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The chemical interaction between plants, which is referred to as allelopathy, may result in the inhibition of plant growth and development. The objective of this research was to determine the allelopathic impact of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) var. 'HoCP 96-540' field residue and sugarcane bagasse extracts on the germination of three vegetable crops. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. alboglabra Bailey), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seeds were treated with 4 extract concentrations (0, 16.7, 33.3, and 66.7 g/L) from either sugarcane field residue or sugarcane bagasse extracts. Germination of the tomato, Chinese kale, and cucumber seeds decreased as concentration of sugarcane field residue extracts increased. At the highest residue concentration (66.7 g/L), germination decreased by 44%, 82%, and 88% for tomato, Chinese kale, and cucumber, respectively. These results would indicate that sugarcane field residue would not be a suitable natural mulch or soil amendment for local vegetable production, especially where the vegetables were direct-seeded. If evaluated correctly, the sugarcane field residue may be an effective natural mulch for perennial ornamental plants in landscape applications, serving as a physical and chemical barrier to germinating and emerging weed species. Sugarcane bagasse extracts did not inhibit Chinese kale and cucumber germination, and only inhibited tomato germination by 13% at the greatest concentration (66.7 g/L) in 1 experiment. As the first documented bioassay implicating bagasse as allelopathic active, further research should investigate the subject using higher concentrations, and additional sugarcane and tomato varieties. Except for the one instance with tomato germination, it appears that sugarcane bagasse has potential as a natural mulch for vegetable production, although the mulch would only be a physical barrier to weed establishment and not a allelopathic chemical barrier. Future research should determine the allelopathic active compounds in sugarcane field residue and if the concentration of allelopathic chemicals vary by sugarcane variety.

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Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Impact on Post-Germination Seedling Growth

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as Sugarcane Cover Crops

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as Sugarcane Cover Crops

Sugarcane Field Residue and Root Allelopathic Impact on Weed Seed Germination

Sugarcane Field Residue and Bagasse Allelopathic Impact on Vegetable Seed Germination

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