KERAGAMAN DAN ESTIMASI PARAMETER GENETIK BIBIT MAHONI DAUN LEBAR (Swietenia macropylla King.) DI INDONESIA

Abstract

Swietenia macrophylla King. is an exotic species from Latin America. It had been planted in Indonesia since 1870 by the Dutch. This species is important construction timber in Indonesia. This study aimed to measure variation and genetic parameter estimation of S. macrophylla seedling as material of progeny trial development. The experimental design used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of two factors, namely the land race (A) (Banjar-West Java, Samigaluh-Kulonprogro, Bondowoso-East Java and Lombok-West Nusa Tenggara) and mother trees (B) (35 mother trees). Five seedlings were recorded and repeated 5 times for each mother tree. In this study factor B nested in factor A. The result showed that land race significantly affected to height, stem diameter, and index of robustness; while the mother trees significantly affected to height, stem diameter, number of leaf, and index of robustness. Individual heritability of height, stem diameter, number of leaf, and index of robustness character were 0.35, 0.40, 0.17, and 0.48 respectively, while family heritability of height, stem diameter, number of leaf, and index of robustness character were 0.74, 0.75, 0.54, and 0.77 respectively. Genetic correlation between height and stem diameter (0.70), height and index of robustness (0.40), number of leaf and index of robustness (0.52) were positive value. While genetic correlation between height and number of leaf (-0.03), stem diameter and number of leaf (-0.46) and stem diameter and index of robustness (-0.67) were negative value.

Keragaman Pertumbuhan dan Heritabilitas Bibit Mahoni Daun Lebar Asal Kebun Benih Semai di Parung Panjang, Bogor (Growth variation and heritability of seedlings of Swietenia macrophylla on seedling seed orchard in Parung Panjang, Bogor)

“…Penelitian Abarquez et al (2015) di Mindanao, Filipina juga menginformasikan bahwa keragaman genetik mahoni daun lebar umur 50 bulan relatif tinggi walaupun jenis ini merupakan jenis introduksi. Selanjutnya penelitian di Indonesia yang dilakukan oleh Mashudi et al (2017), menginformasikan bahwa proporsi nilai komponen varians beberapa karakter pertumbuhan bibit mahoni dari Pulau Jawa dan Lombok relatif tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan varians totalnya, sehingga seleksi untuk mendapatkan benih unggul masih memungkinkan untuk dilakukan. Melihat potensi mahoni daun lebar yang cukup bagus di Indonesia, maka Balai Penelitian Teknologi Perbenihan Tanaman Hutan membangun plot uji keturunan mahoni daun lebar di Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Parung Panjang, Bogor pada tahun 1996.…”

Growth Variation of Swietenia macrophylla King. Progeny Trial at 18 Months of Age in Trenggalek East Java

“…Growth (height and stem diameter) of 18-monthsold S. macrophylla varied significantly between land races, mother trees and the interaction of replication (block) and mother trees (Table 3). Variation of growth between land races and mother trees commonly occurs in several woody plant due to the adaptability of species to the new environment; it also occurs when the seedlings were 5-months-old [4]. The diversity among land races had been reported by [3] on S. macrophylla from Central Java and East Java using isozyme markers; it has a proportion of diversity among land races of 23% and within the land race of 77%.…”

“…It was further conveyed that, natural habitats of this species are in Latin America. Although it is an introduced species, this species has a high genetic diversity [3,4] . In term of tree breeding, high genetic diversity is very important; it means that having high diversity will lead the opportunity for having a superior tree by selection.…”

Genetic Diversity of Calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn.) Seedling from West Java

“…Nilai kalor yang dihasilkan mencapai 4.722 cal/g (Rostiwati et al, 2006 Danu, Aam Aminah, Naning Yuniarti, Dida Syamsuwida, Deddy Dwi Nur Cahyono, Nurmawati Siregar, Y.M.M. Anita (Yudohartono & Herdiyanti, 2013), sengon (Rohandi et al, 2014), gempol (Putri, et al, 2016), mahoni (Mashudi et al, 2017) serta beberapa jenis dari famili dipterokarpa seperti Shorea leprosula (Mashudi et al, 2012) dan Shorea gysbertsiana (Cahyono & Rayan, 2012).…”