Keragaman Spesies Vektor Japanese encephalitis di Sekitar Kandang Babi Kabupaten Tangerang

Abstract

Abstract. Japanese encephalitis is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that has pigs as the amplifying host. It is important to study the diversity of mosquito species around pig populations to determine the potential of Japanese encephalitis vectors in the region. This study is a cross-sectional study with a single sampling method for adult mosquitoes around pigpen in Tangerang Regency. The capture of adult mosquitoes is carried out by the outdoor resting mosquitoes collection at 18:00 - 24:00 using aspirators and light traps. Female mosquitoes were identified and subsequently tested RT-PCR for JEV. Catching results obtained 223 mosquitoes from the genus Culex, Armigeres, Aedes, Anopheles, and Mansonia with a total of 10 species. Species diversity in the pigpen area is classified as moderate (H = 1.0875 – 1.292) with Culex vishnui and Culex quinquefasciatus as the most abundant species. RT-PCR test found there’s no mosquito’s samples with positive JE RNA virus. Several species of mosquitoes found around pigpens in Tangerang District have the potential to become JEV vectors, so that control to the mosquito abundance and health of pigs is needed as a preventative measure.
 Keywords: Diversity, Japanese encephalitis, pig, vector
 
 Abstrak. Japanese encephalitis merupakan penyakit zoonosis yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk dan babi sebagai inang penguat. Studi keanekaragaman jenis nyamuk di sekitar populasi babi penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi vektor Japanese encephalitis pada wilayah tersebut. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang dengan metode sampling tunggal terhadap nyamuk dewasa sekitar kandang babi di Kabupaten Tangerang. Penangkapan nyamuk dewasa dilakukan dengan metode koleksi outdoor resting pada malam hari pukul 18.00 – 24.00 menggunakan aspirator dan perangkap cahaya. Nyamuk betina diidentifikasi dan selanjutnya diuji RT-PCR virus JE. Hasil penangkapan didapatkan 700 ekor nyamuk dari genus Culex, Armigeres, Aedes, Anopheles, dan Mansonia dengan total 10 spesies. Keanekaragaman spesies pada seluruh wilayah penelitian tergolong sedang (H=1,0875 – 1,292) dengan Culex vishnui dan Culex quinquefasciatus sebagai spesies paling melimpah. Uji RT-PCR tidak menemukan adanya sampel nyamuk positif RNA virus JE. Beberapa spesies nyamuk yang ditemukan di sekitar kandang babi di Kecamatan Panongan memiliki potensi sebagai vektor JEV sehingga diperlukan pengendalian kepadatan nyamuk dan kesehatan ternak babi terhadap JEV sebagai upaya pencegahan.
 Kata Kunci: Keanekaragaman, Japanese encephalitis, babi, vektor

Seroprevalence of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Pigs and Cattle: An Evaluation from Tangerang Regency

“…The potential risk is also indicated by the location of several farms adjacent to residential areas. In line with the risk of mosquito breeding, our previous study also showed that the potential JEV mosquito vector has spread around pig farms in Tangerang District, with Culex vishnui and Culex quinquefasciatus as the dominant species [17]. Some of these Culex species have been reported as JEV vectors in Indonesia [5].…”

“…The Subdistricts of Panongan, Tigaraksa, and Solear are close to each other and belong to rural areas. Based on the results of our previous study, it was shown that the environmental characteristics of almost all pig and cattle farms were found stagnant water and close to paddy fields [17]. This shows the existence of a risk factor for JEV transmission, i.e.…”

“…Some of these Culex species have been reported as JEV vectors in Indonesia [5]. Althought RT-PCR result found no mosquitoes with JEV antigen within mosquito samples [17], a study showed persistent circulation of JEV in a region can occur through direct transmission from infected to healthy pigs without vector assistance [18].…”

“…The low seroprevalence and the absence of JEV antigen in the serum indicate that the risk of JEV transmission in Tangerang District is low. Especially when it is associated with the potential vector which also does not find any mosquito samples with JEV [17]. Some studies have also reported low antigen detection results of reactive pig IgG JEV serum [22,23].…”