Keratan sulfate as a marker for medullary bone in fossil vertebrates

Canoville, Aurore; Zanno, Lindsay E.; Zheng, Wenxia; Schweitzer, Mary H.

doi:10.1111/joa.13388

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(188 reference statements)

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“…The distribution of medullary bone in the skeleton of reproductive female birds, varies interspecifically, but is affected by pneumaticity and red bone marrow, but curiously appears not to be correlated with clutch size [109]. In general, though it appears to be more widely distributed within the skeletons of small-bodied diving birds but tends to have a more restricted distribution within the skeletons of large-bodied taxa or efficient flyers [109].…”

Section: (D) Sex-specific Osteohistologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeoecological deductions from osteohistology

Chinsamy

2023

Biol. Lett.

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Palaeoecological deductions are vital for understanding the evolution and diversification of species within prehistoric environments. This review highlights the multitude of ways in which the microanatomy and microscopic structure of bones enables palaeoecological deductions. The occurrence of growth marks in bones is discussed, and their usefulness in deducing the ontogenetic status and age of individuals is considered, as well as how such marks in bones permit the assessment of the growth dynamics of individuals and species. Here osteohistology is shown to provide insight into the structure of past populations, as well as ecological relationships between individuals. In addition, the response of bones to trauma, disease and moulting is considered. Finally, I explore how osteohistology can give insight into ecomorphological adaptations, such as filter feeding, probe feeding and saltatorial locomotion. Methodological advances in three-dimensional microtomography and synchrotron scanning bodes well for future studies in osteohistology and despite some compromises in terms of tissue identity, circumvents the crucial issue of destructive analyses.

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Section: (D) Sex-specific Osteohistologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeoecological deductions from osteohistology

Chinsamy

2023

Biol. Lett.

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“…osteopetrosis (Cerda et al, 2014;Chinsamy & Tumarkin-Deratzian, 2009;Prondvai, 2016), or even for a non-reproductive and non-pathological function (Prondvai & Stein, 2014). In fact, an endosteal tissue with a microstructure similar to the medullary bone can also be detected in pathological bones of birds (Canoville et al, 2020), and the distinction between the two tissues in the fossil record, especially for isolated/fragmentary materials, is still complicated (Canoville et al, 2021). The distribution and characteristics of the endosteal, medullary bone-like tissue along the shaft of the iguanodontian femur resembles that seen in the pathological humerus of Larus argentatus NCSM-19601 (Canoville et al, 2020) and in the femur of Mussaurus patagonicus (Cerda et al, 2014), suggesting that a pathological endosteal bone was deposited in the medullary region of the bone.…”

Section: The Presence Of Endosteal Bone Growth Reaction In the Pathol...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…left and right femora). In fact, it has been suggested that ovulatory medullary bone can only be recognized by the presence of keratan sulfate and its deposition in paired elements (Canoville et al, 2021), proxies that cannot be applied to NHMUK PV R6609. Previous reports of abnormal endosteal bone have associated such tissue with pathological conditions, as in Mussaurus (Cerda et al, 2014).…”

Section: Con Clus Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological analysis and etiology of a pathological iguanodontian femur from England

Bertozzo,

Stein,

Varotto

et al. 2024

Journal of Anatomy

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Derived ornithopods, such as hadrosaurids, show a high occurrence of fossilized lesions and diseases. However, paleopathologies in iguanodontians seem to be less common, considering the rich fossil record of these taxa in Europe, in particular in Belgium, Britain and Spain. Here, we describe an iguanodontian femur discovered in England that exhibits a large overgrowth of its lateral aspect, not previously recognized in any other similar remains. The specimen was scanned with micro‐computed tomography (microCT) and later sectioned in three sites of the overgrowth for histological analysis. The femur belongs to an early adult Iguanodontia indet., based on the presence of a woven parallel fibered complex in the outer cortex and three to four lines of arrested growth. Internal analysis of the dome‐like overgrowth suggests it can be diagnosed as a fracture callus. The injury might have negatively impacted upon the animal's locomotion as the trauma had occurred in the region above the knee, a crucial spot for hindlimb musculature. Finally, a cancellous medullary bone‐like tissue was recognized in the medullary cavity next to the pathological overgrowth. An attempt was made to determine the precise nature of this tissue, as medullary bone is linked with the ovulation period in (avian) dinosaurs, whereas other types of endosteal, medullary bone‐like tissue have previously been recognized in pathological bones.

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“…Other key elements in bone physiology include sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), Ca and Sr. Sulfur comprises both the organic and inorganic constituents of bone, aiding in both collagen (e.g., cysteine and methionine; [42]) and HAP structure (sulfate; [43]). Sulfur is also an important constituent of glycoproteins found in various skeletal tissues types (e.g., keratan sulfate in medullary bone and other fast growing skeletal tissues; [13,44]).…”

Section: Bone Elemental Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulfate is found in the HAP structure of bone in both organic and inorganic phases [55,62]. Organic sulfate is also associated with keratan sulfate (KS), which is found in various skeletal tissues in low concentrations, but is also associated with the deposition of medullary bone in avians at much higher levels (e.g., [43]). MOR 1125 also exhibited peaks for organic disulfides at ~2473 eV [31,58].…”

Section: Endogenous Elements In Mor 1125-ca Zn and Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent Evidence for the Preservation of Endogenous Bone Biochemistry in a Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex

Anné

Canoville²,

Edwards

et al. 2023

Biology

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Biomolecules preserved in deep time have potential to shed light on major evolutionary questions, driving the search for new and more rigorous methods to detect them. Despite the increasing body of evidence from a wide variety of new, high resolution/high sensitivity analytical techniques, this research is commonly met with skepticism, as the long standing dogma persists that such preservation in very deep time (>1 Ma) is unlikely. The Late Cretaceous dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex (MOR 1125) has been shown, through multiple biochemical studies, to preserve original bone chemistry. Here, we provide additional, independent support that deep time bimolecular preservation is possible. We use synchrotron X-ray fluorescence imaging (XRF) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to investigate a section from the femur of this dinosaur, and demonstrate preservation of elements (S, Ca, and Zn) associated with bone remodeling and redeposition. We then compare these data to the bone of an extant dinosaur (bird), as well as a second non-avian dinosaur, Tenontosaurus tilletti (OMNH 34784) that did not preserve any sign of original biochemistry. Our data indicate that MOR 1125 bone cortices have similar bone elemental distributions to that of an extant bird, which supports preservation of original endogenous chemistry in this specimen.

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Keratan sulfate as a marker for medullary bone in fossil vertebrates

Cited by 5 publications

References 71 publications

Palaeoecological deductions from osteohistology

Palaeoecological deductions from osteohistology

Histological analysis and etiology of a pathological iguanodontian femur from England

Independent Evidence for the Preservation of Endogenous Bone Biochemistry in a Specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex

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