Keratin 19: Predicted Amino Acid Sequence and Broad Tissue Distribution Suggest it Evolved from Keratinocyte Keratins.

Stasiak, Pauline C.; Purkis, Patricia E.; Leigh, Irene M.; Lane, E. Birgitte

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12721500

Cited by 179 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…This further indicates that cytokeratin 6a expression may be maintained beyond the stem cell stage. Cytokeratin 19, which has been implicated in the differentiation of many epithelial tissues in which there is a transition between different phenotypes (Stasiak et al, 1989), was also shown to be a marker for prostatic intermediate cells and to play a key role in prostatic differentiation (Hudson et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a stem cell candidate in the normal human prostate gland

Schmelz

Moll

Hesse

et al. 2005

European Journal of Cell Biology

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Stem cells of the human prostate gland have not yet been identified utilizing a structural biomarker. We have discovered a new prostatic epithelial cell phenotype-expressing cytokeratin 6a (Ck6a+ cells). The Ck6a+ cells are present within a specialized niche in the basal cell compartment in fetal, juvenile and adult prostate tissue, and within the stem cell-enriched urogenital sinus. In adult normal prostate tissue, the average abundance of Ck6a+ cells was 4.9%. With proliferative stimuli in the prostate organ culture model, in which the epithelial-stromal interaction was maintained, a remarkable increase of Ck 6a expression was noticed to up to 64.9%. The difference in cytokeratin 6a expression between the normal adult prostate and the prostate organ culture model was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Within the prostate organ culture model the increase of cytokeratin 6a-expressing cells significantly correlated with increased proliferation index (r = 0.7616; p = 0.0467) The Ck6a+ cells were capable of differentiation as indicated by their expression of luminal cell markers such as ZO-1 and prostate specific antigen (PSA). Our data indicate that Ck6a+ cells represent a prostatic epithelial stem cell candidate possessing high potential for proliferation and differentiation. Since the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate carcinogenesis are disorders of proliferation and differentiation, the Ck6a+ cells may represent a major element in the development of these diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a stem cell candidate in the normal human prostate gland

Schmelz

Moll

Hesse

et al. 2005

European Journal of Cell Biology

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“…Other keratin antibodies were LE41 (K8) and LE61 (K18) (Lane, 1982), LL002 (K14) (Purkis et al, 1990), LL025 (K16) (Wilson et al, 1994), LHK6 (K6) and LHK15 (K15) (Waseem et al, 1999), LP2K (K19) (Stasiak et al, 1989) RCK102 (K5 &K8) (Broers et al, 1986), and LH2 (K10) (Leigh et al, 1993). Additional monoclonal antibodies used were E-cadherin (Transduction Laboratories, Lexington, Kentucky) diluted 1:50, 11-5F (anti-desmoplakin) (Parrish et al, 1987) diluted 1:100; and MM-1 (anti-Ki67) (Novacastra, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom).…”

Section: Antibodies Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

K15 Expression Implies Lateral Differentiation within Stratified Epithelial Basal Cells

et al. 2000

Laboratory Investigation

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SUMMARY:Keratins are intermediate filament proteins whose expression in epithelial tissues is closely linked to their differentiated state. The greatest complexity of this expression is seen in the epidermis and associated structures. The critical basal (proliferative) cell layer expresses the major keratin pair, K5 and K14, but it also expresses an additional type I keratin, K15, about which far less is known. We have compared the expression of K15 with K14 in normal, pathological, and tissue culture contexts; distinct differences in their expression patterns have been observed that imply different regulation and function for these two genes. K15 appears to be preferentially expressed in stable or slowly turning over basal cells. In steady-state epidermis, K15 is present in higher amounts in basal cells of thin skin but in lower amounts in the rapidly turning over thick plantar skin. Although remaining high in basal cell carcinomas (noninvasive) it is suppressed in squamous cell carcinomas (which frequently metastasize). Wounding-stimulated epidermis loses K15 expression, whereas K14 is unchanged. In cultured keratinocytes, K15 levels are suppressed until the culture stratifies, whereas K14 is constitutively expressed throughout. Therefore, unlike K14, which appears to be a fundamental component of all keratinocytes, K15 expression appears to be more tightly coupled to a mature basal keratinocyte phenotype. (Lab Invest 2000, 80:1701-1710.

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“…Since cytokeratins are generally released during cell death, this suggests either that the content of cytokeratin 19 in squamous carcinoma cells is higher than in adenocarcinoma cells or that the cell loss factor is larger in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Although cytokeratin 19 is widely distributed in epithelial tissues and generally regarded as characteristic of simple epithelia, a relation with the keratinocyte keratins has been suggested (Bartek et al, 1985;Stasiak et al, 1989). The fact that the sensitivity of TPA is also higher in patients with squamous cell carcinoma than in patients with adenocarcinoma argues against the hypothesis that the increased sensitivity is only related to squamous cell differentiation.…”

Section: Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a new tumour marker in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: Cyfra 21.1

Gaast

Schoenmakers²,

Kok³

et al. 1994

Br J Cancer

104

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The Cyfra 21.1 assay is a newly developed test which measures in serum a fragment of cytokeratin 19. We evaluated this marker in 212 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), predominantly stage 3a-b and 4, and compared it with three other markers: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA). Sensitivities for Cyfra 21.1, TPA, CEA and SCC (using cut-off levels corresponding to a 95% specificity for benign lung diseases) were 40%, 40%, 42% and 19% respectively. The sensitivity of CEA was significantly higher in patients with adenocarcinomas compared with the other three markers, while the sensitivity of Cyfra 21.1 and TPA was significantly higher in patients with squamous cell carcinomas. The value of Cyfra 21.1 for monitoring disease during chemotherapy could be evaluated in 23 patients with squamous cell carcinomas. When the cases of lead time were included a concordance between clinical evaluations according to WHO response criteria and evaluations according to changes in the marker levels of 74% was found. The criteria defined for marker response were a 65% decrease in the marker level for a partial response and a 40% increase for progressive disease. In particular, increasing levels of this marker indicated usually disease progression. In conclusion, Cyfra 21.1 is a useful serum marker for patients with NSCLC, especially for disease monitoring of patients with squamous cell carcinoma during and after chemotherapy.

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Keratin 19: Predicted Amino Acid Sequence and Broad Tissue Distribution Suggest it Evolved from Keratinocyte Keratins.

Cited by 179 publications

References 71 publications

Identification of a stem cell candidate in the normal human prostate gland

Identification of a stem cell candidate in the normal human prostate gland

K15 Expression Implies Lateral Differentiation within Stratified Epithelial Basal Cells

Evaluation of a new tumour marker in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: Cyfra 21.1

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