Keratins as markers of differentiated taste cells of the rat

Knapp, Lauren T.; Lawton, Anne; Oakley, Bruce; Wong, Lianna; Zhang, Chunxiao

doi:10.1046/j.1432-0436.1995.5850341.x

Cited by 71 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Taste bud cells were distinguished into two groups, the intragemmal cells and the perigemmal cells, by the variety of keratin [7], and furthermore, morphologically subdivided into 4 types [6,12]. In our study, it was not able to distinguish the cell types of the taste bud stained by lectins, but the taste bud cells stained by BSL-I were speculated as the type I cells from their population, shape and localization in all taste buds examined.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Glycoconjugate in Rat Taste Buds.

Kanô

Ube

Taniguchi

2001

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The taste buds of the fungiform papillae, circumvallate papilla, foliate papillae, soft palate and epiglottis of the rat oral cavity were examined by lectin histochemistry to elucidate the relationships between expression of glycoconjugates and innervation. Seven out of 21 lectins showed moderate to intense staining in at least more than one taste bud. They were succinylated wheat germ agglutinin (s-WGA), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin-I (BSL-I), Ricinus communis agglutinin-I (RCA-I), peanut agglutinin (PNA), Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I) and Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin-L (PHA-L). UEA-I and BSL-I showed moderate to intense staining in all of the taste buds examined. They strongly stained the taste buds of the epiglottis, which are innervated by the cranial nerve X. UEA-I intensely stained the taste buds of the fungiform papillae and soft palate, both of which are innervated by the cranial nerve VII. The taste buds of circumvallate papilla and foliate papillae were innervated by the cranial nerve IX and strongly stained by BSL-I. Thus, UEA-I and BSL-I binding glycoconjugates, probably α-linked fucose and α-D-galactose, respectively, might be specific for taste buds. Although the expression of these glycoconjugates would be related to the innervation of the cranial nerve X, the differential expression of α-linked fucose and α-D-galactose might be related to the innervation of the cranial nerve VII and IX, respectively. KEY WORDS: glycoconjugate, innervation, lectin-histochemistry, rat, taste bud.The gustatory sense is one of four special senses in mammals. The gustatory sense is transmitted by the taste buds distributed in the oral cavity and laryngopharynx. The taste buds, composed of 40-70 cells with different cell types, have a complex structure and access to the oral cavity via the taste pore [2,10,12,17,23]. They can catch chemical materials in the solvent and transmit the signals to the central nervous system. In mammals, the taste buds are observed in fungiform papillae, circumvallate papillae, foliate papillae, soft palate and epiglottis where individual taste bud is innervated by only one of three kinds of the cranial nerves, VII, IX, and X. Taste buds of fungiform papillae, anterior region of foliate papillae and soft palate were innervated by chorda tympani of the cranial nerve VII [14]. Taste buds of circumvallate papilla and posterior region of foliate papillae were innervated by the cranial nerve IX and those of epiglottis were innervated by the cranial nerve X in the rat [14]. These cranial nerves have crucial roles for the development, maintenance and regeneration of the taste buds in the rat [3,4,11,13,15,24].The glycoconjugates on the surface of taste bud cells were involved in chemosensory regulation in olfactory cilia of the channel catfish [5]. The carbohydrate components in the taste buds of circumvallate papillae were detected by lectin histochemistry in the Syrian hamster [16]. In the tongue of various vertebrates, Witt et al. showed ma...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Glycoconjugate in Rat Taste Buds.

Kanô

Ube

Taniguchi

2001

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…2). Finally, we confirmed the absence of TBs in P0 mutant tongues by staining sections with antibodies to Keratin 8 (K8), a marker of mature TB cells (Knapp et al 1995). K8 is clearly expressed in wild-type tongues ( …”

Section: Absence Of Fungiform Papillae and Tbs In Sox2 Hypomorphic Musupporting

confidence: 56%

Sox2 is required for development of taste bud sensory cells

Okubo¹,

Pevny²,

Hogan³

2006

Genes Dev.

179

221

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Sox2 is expressed in basal epithelial cells of the tongue, with high levels in taste bud placodes, fungiform papillae, and mature taste cells, and low levels in filiform papillae. High Sox2 expression appears to lie downstream from canonical Wnt signaling. In hypomorphic Sox2 EGFP/LP embryos, placodes form but no mature taste buds develop. In contrast, transgenic overexpression of Sox2 in the basal cells inhibits differentiation of filiform keratinocytes. Together, our loss-of-function and gainof-function studies suggest that Sox2 functions in a dosedependent manner to regulate the differentiation of endodermal progenitor cells of the tongue into taste bud sensory cells versus keratinocytes. Sox2, a SoxB1-HMG-box transcription factor, is a critical player in mammalian development. It is essential for maintaining the pluripotent phenotype of mouse embryonic stem and epiblast cells (Avilion et al. 2003;Boyer et al. 2005) and is highly expressed in neural progenitors of the vertebrate CNS. In addition, Sox2 is required for the development of sensory systems. For example, in progenitor cells of the retina, Sox2 functions downstream from Wnt signaling to control the choice between the multipotent, proliferative phenotype and differentiation along alternate lineages (Van Raay et al. 2005;Taranova et al. 2006). In the neuroepithelium of the inner ear, Sox2 is an upstream regulator of Math1 and required for the establishment of sensory hair cells (Kiernan et al. 2005). Here, we provide the first evidence that Sox2 is required for the differentiation of endodermal progenitor cells of the mouse tongue into taste bud (TB) cells.TBs are found in several locations in the oral cavity. On the tongue they are present at the top of the fungiform papillae and in clusters in the vallate and foliate papillae. They are also located in the posterior soft palate. Each mature TB consists of ∼50-100 sensory receptor cells that transduce distinct chemical stimuli and a small number of basal cells (Delay et al. 1986). All these cell types ultimately arise from progenitor cells of the pharyngeal endoderm. These progenitors are likely bipotential since they also give rise to the differentiated keratinocytes of the numerous filiform papillae covering the tongue. Very little is known about the differentiation of tongue progenitors into keratinocytes and sensory cells. Likewise, it is unclear how the normal turnover and self-renewal of these two populations is controlled (Potten et al. 1977), although there is some evidence that sensory neurones can be renewed from the basal cells of TBs (Beidler and Smallman 1965).Using an EGFP reporter allele (Taranova et al. 2006), we show that the basal epithelial cells of the developing mouse tongue express Sox2. Moreover, the TB cells, and the placodes and papillae from which they are derived, express higher levels of Sox2 than the surrounding epithelial cells. Based on both gain-of-function and loss-offunction experiments we propose a model in which Sox2 regulates the differentiation of putative bipoten...

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“…S2). In tongue epithelium, K8 marks differentiated taste bud cells (Knapp et al, 1995) and is expressed by fungiform taste buds in wild-type and mutant mice ( Fig. 2A,C,J,L).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adult taste buds follow a sequential process of differentiation, in which bipotential K14 + progenitors adjacent to taste buds generate either K13 + keratinocytes or taste cells . Like their endogenous counterparts, ectopic taste buds: (1) descend from K14 + progenitor cells, since ectopic taste cells were always SHHYFPcKI + ; (2) were devoid of K13 immunoreactivity, demonstrating their non-keratinocyte fate; and (3) expressed general markers of taste buds [K8, claudin 4 and KCNQ1 (Asano-Miyoshi et al, 2008;Knapp et al, 1995;Michlig et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2009)]. Ectopic taste buds also exhibited the appropriate expression of transcription factors known to regulate taste bud development and renewal, i.e.…”

Section: Shh-induced Ectopic Taste Buds Resemble Endogenous Taste Budmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of ectopic taste buds by SHH reveals the competency and plasticity of adult lingual epithelium

et al. 2014

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Taste buds are assemblies of elongated epithelial cells, which are innervated by gustatory nerves that transmit taste information to the brain stem. Taste cells are continuously renewed throughout life via proliferation of epithelial progenitors, but the molecular regulation of this process remains unknown. During embryogenesis, sonic hedgehog (SHH) negatively regulates taste bud patterning, such that inhibition of SHH causes the formation of more and larger taste bud primordia, including in regions of the tongue normally devoid of taste buds. Here, using a Cre-lox system to drive constitutive expression of SHH, we identify the effects of SHH on the lingual epithelium of adult mice. We show that misexpression of SHH transforms lingual epithelial cell fate, such that daughter cells of lingual epithelial progenitors form cell type-replete, onion-shaped taste buds, rather than non-taste, pseudostratified epithelium. These SHH-induced ectopic taste buds are found in regions of the adult tongue previously thought incapable of generating taste organs. The ectopic buds are composed of all taste cell types, including support cells and detectors of sweet, bitter, umami, salt and sour, and recapitulate the molecular differentiation process of endogenous taste buds. In contrast to the well-established nerve dependence of endogenous taste buds, however, ectopic taste buds form independently of both gustatory and somatosensory innervation. As innervation is required for SHH expression by endogenous taste buds, our data suggest that SHH can replace the need for innervation to drive the entire program of taste bud differentiation.

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Keratins as markers of differentiated taste cells of the rat

Cited by 71 publications

References 32 publications

Glycoconjugate in Rat Taste Buds.

Glycoconjugate in Rat Taste Buds.

Sox2 is required for development of taste bud sensory cells

Induction of ectopic taste buds by SHH reveals the competency and plasticity of adult lingual epithelium

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