Kernel MSER-DFE Based Post-Distorter for VLC Using Random Fourier Features

Jain, Sandesh; Mitra, Rangeet; Bhatia, Vimal

doi:10.1109/tvt.2020.3036949

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…1) In this paper, a novel KWS technique is proposed for RFF-KRMVC to yield RFF-KWS-KRMVC algorithm, which mitigates the non-Gaussian additive distortion due to LED nonlinearity and user-mobility, and facilitates hyperparameter-free solution to a VLC postdistortion problem. Furthermore, the proposed RFF-KWS-KRMVC post-distorter is derived from the second order adaptive filters, which updates both the mean and the covariance matrix, and hence are found to outperform the existing first order RKHS (KLMS [10], KMSER [9], KLMS-DFE [20], and RFF-KMSER-DFE [18]) based algorithms which updates mean alone. 2) Analytical MSE for the proposed RFF-KWS-KRMVC post-distorter is quantified, which is found to be smaller than the existing RFF-KWS-KRLS algorithm.…”

Section: B Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, computational complexity of dictionary-based RKHS algorithms [9], [10] cannot be estimated apriori since cardinality of dictionary is data-dependent, which limits its practical implementation under a finite memory budget. To circumvent this limitation, further research is directed towards developing random Fourier features (RFF) [16]- [18] based post-distortion algorithms, which are basically Monte-Carlo approximations of an RKHS, and have lower computational budget whilst ensuring similar convergence performance as compared to the classical RKHS based methods.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aforementioned RKHS/RFF based post-distorters (namely kernel least mean square (KLMS) [19], kernel minimum symbol error rate (KMSER) [9], KLMS with decision feedback equalizer (KLMS-DFE) [20], and RFF-KMSER-DFE [18]) are based on stochastic gradient descent (SGD) paradigms that have lower computational complexity, however higher steady-state mean square error (MSE). Further, the aforesaid SGD based post-distortion algorithms considers only instantaneous error for formulation of loss function, and hence delivers suboptimal performance under high date rate regime [21].…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the performance of RKHS/RFF based postdistorters [18], [21], and the Gaussian kernel based DNN (GK-DNN) equalizers [12] are sensitive to the choice of appropriate kernel-width, and results in degraded performance upon improper choice of kernel-width. There are several methods in the signal processing literature to select proper kernelwidth like: (a) Silverman's and Scott's rule of thumb [14], (b) adaptive techniques [26], [27] for learning kernel-width based on various criteria such as MMSE, minimum symbol error rate (MSER) etc., and (c) Bayesian leaning methods [28].…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kernel Recursive Maximum Versoria Criterion Based Post-Distorter for VLC Using Kernel-Width Sampling

et al. 2022

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Visible light communication (VLC) has emerged as a potential candidate for next generation wireless communication systems. However, nonlinear characteristics of light emitting diode (LED), user-mobility, and DC-bias fluctuations are the major factors that limit the throughput of a VLC link, and makes the overall additive distortion as non-Gaussian distributed. To mitigate this non-Gaussian noise processes encountered in VLC systems due to LED nonlinearity, and user-mobility, recently a random Fourier features (RFF) based kernel recursive maximum Versoria criterion (KRMVC) based post-distortion algorithm is proposed, which delivers better performance as compared to the classical polynomial series, and kernel recursive least squares (KRLS) algorithms due to the incorporation of higher order statistics of error. However, the performance of RFF-KRMVC algorithm is sensitive to the choice of kernel-width, and results in approximation errors due to imperfect choice of kernelwidth. This paper proposes a novel RFF-KRMVC algorithm using a kernel-width sampling (KWS) technique called as RFF-KWS-KRMVC, which implements the post-distortion under a hyperparameter-free finite memory budget. Furthermore, analytical expressions for mean square error, and error rate are quantified for the proposed RFF-KWS-KRMVC post-distorter, and corroborated by Monte-Carlo simulations performed over standard VLC channel models.

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Section: B Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kernel Recursive Maximum Versoria Criterion Based Post-Distorter for VLC Using Kernel-Width Sampling

et al. 2022

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“…Moreover, QKD is an emerging quantum technology for securing existing and future communication networks. Hence, QKD can be used for providing security in free space optics (FSO) communication systems [229], visible light communications [230], [231], [232], [233], [234], [235], [236], Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) communications [237], [238], and THz communications [239], [240].…”

Section: G Other Applications and Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Key Distribution Secured Optical Networks: A Survey

Sharma

Agrawal

Bhatia

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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Increasing incidents of cyber attacks and evolution of quantum computing poses challenges to secure existing information and communication technologies infrastructure. In recent years, quantum key distribution (QKD) is being extensively researched, and is widely accepted as a promising technology to realize secure networks. Optical fiber networks carry a huge amount of information, and are widely deployed around the world in the backbone terrestrial, submarine, metro, and access networks. Thus, instead of using separate dark fibers for quantum communication, integration of QKD with the existing classical optical networks has been proposed as a cost-efficient solution, however, this integration introduces new research challenges. In this paper, we do a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art QKD secured optical networks, which is going to shape communication networks in the coming decades. We elucidate the methods and protocols used in QKD secured optical networks, and describe the process of key establishment. Various methods proposed in the literature to address the networking challenges in QKD secured optical networks, specifically, routing, wavelength and time-slot allocation (RWTA), resiliency, trusted repeater node (TRN) placement, QKD for multicast service, and quantum key recycling are described and compared in detail. This survey begins with the introduction to QKD and its advantages over conventional encryption methods. Thereafter, an overview of QKD is given including quantum bits, basic QKD system, QKD schemes and protocol families along with the detailed description of QKD process based on the Bennett and Brassard-84 (BB84) protocol as it is the most widely used QKD protocol in the literature. QKD system are also prone to some specific types of attacks, hence, we describe the types of quantum hacking attacks on the QKD system along with the methods used to prevent them. Subsequently, the process of point-to-point mechanism of QKD over an optical fiber link is described in detail using the BB84 protocol. Different architectures of QKD secured optical networks are described next. Finally, major findings from this comprehensive survey are summarized with highlighting open issues and challenges in QKD secured optical networks.

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