Ketamine a dissociative anesthetic: Neurobiology and biomolecular exploration in depression

Liu, Guoliang; Y, Cui; Lu, Chang; Zhao, Peng

doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109006

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists act by blocking NMDA receptors in the brain, which interact with the neurotransmitter glutamate (100). Ketamine is a commonly used NMDA receptor antagonist that is known to have a range of effects on the immune system.…”

Section: Nmda Receptor Antagonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of stress and anesthesia on animal models of infectious disease

Layton

Beggs

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Stress and general anesthesia have an impact on the functional response of the organism due to the detrimental effects on cardiovascular, immunological, and metabolic function, which could limit the organism's response to an infectious event. Animal studies have formed an essential step in understanding and mitigating infectious diseases, as the complexities of physiology and immunity cannot yet be replicated in vivo. Using animals in research continues to come under increasing societal scrutiny, and it is therefore crucial that the welfare of animals used in disease research is optimized to meet both societal expectations and improve scientific outcomes. Everyday management and procedures in animal studies are known to cause stress, which can not only cause poorer welfare outcomes, but also introduces variables in disease studies. Whilst general anesthesia is necessary at times to reduce stress and enhance animal welfare in disease research, evidence of physiological and immunological disruption caused by general anesthesia is increasing. To better understand and quantify the effects of stress and anesthesia on disease study and welfare outcomes, utilizing the most appropriate animal monitoring strategies is imperative. This article aims to analyze recent scientific evidence about the impact of stress and anesthesia as uncontrolled variables, as well as reviewing monitoring strategies and technologies in animal models during infectious diseases.

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Section: Nmda Receptor Antagonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of stress and anesthesia on animal models of infectious disease

Layton

Beggs

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Ketamine, which is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist that induces dissociative anaesthesia by acting on the thalamic cortex and limbic system. 4 It has been widely used for paediatric sedation because…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ketamine, which is an N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonist that induces dissociative anaesthesia by acting on the thalamic cortex and limbic system 4 . It has been widely used for paediatric sedation because of its sedative and analgesic effects, as well as its advantages in preserving respiratory depression and airway reflexes 5,6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and safety of ketamine alone and ketamine‐dexmedetomidine combination for sedation for brain computed tomography in paediatric patients with head injuries: A retrospective study

Yoon,

Park,

Song

et al. 2024

Emerg Medicine Australasia

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ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of ketamine alone with those of ketamine‐dexmedetomidine combination for sedation during brain CT in paediatric patients with head injuries.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed the data of paediatric patients who underwent sedation for brain CT at the ED. We included patients aged 6 months to 6 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II. The sedative protocol involved the administration of intramuscular (IM) ketamine 3 mg/kg (K), ketamine 2 mg/kg with dexmedetomidine 1.5 μg/kg (KD) or ketamine 1.5 mg/kg with dexmedetomidine 1.5 μg/kg (low‐KD). The primary and secondary outcomes were sedation failure and adverse events, respectively.ResultsWe included 77 patients; among them, 28, 23 and 26 were in the K, KD and low‐KD groups, respectively. In multivariable analysis, the combination groups (KD and low‐KD groups) were significantly associated with a lower possibility of sedation failure compared to the K group (adjusted odds ratio, 0.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.02–0.56). Moreover, there were no significant differences in adverse events between the groups, and the sedation‐related time variables also did not significantly differ among the three groups.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that a combination of IM ketamine‐dexmedetomidine provides effective sedation for paediatric patients undergoing brain CT without significant adverse events. Further research is needed to investigate the potential benefits of using lower doses of ketamine in combination.

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The Biological Mechanisms Underlying Major Depressive Disorder

Zonca¹

2022

Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience, 2nd Edition

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Ketamine a dissociative anesthetic: Neurobiology and biomolecular exploration in depression

Cited by 5 publications

References 85 publications

The impact of stress and anesthesia on animal models of infectious disease

The impact of stress and anesthesia on animal models of infectious disease

Efficacy and safety of ketamine alone and ketamine‐dexmedetomidine combination for sedation for brain computed tomography in paediatric patients with head injuries: A retrospective study

The Biological Mechanisms Underlying Major Depressive Disorder

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