Ketamine and nitrous oxide: The evolution of NMDA receptor antagonists as antidepressant agents

Kalmoe, Molly C.; Janski, Alvin M.; Zorumski, Charles F.; Nägele, Peter; Palanca, Ben Julian A.; Conway, Charles R.

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2020.116778

Cited by 54 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…Blood pressure and heart rate increase, while breathing is initially depressed and bronchodilation occurs [60]. The analgesic and anesthetic action of ketamine has been linked to the NMDA receptor blocking activity [61]. Some studies on murine models demonstrated that its pharmacological activity is not determined by the inhibition of the NMDA receptor, but, rather, by a sustained activation of a different glutamate receptor, the AMPA receptor, suggested to be exerted by its metabolite (2R, 6R) -hydroxynorketamine [62].…”

Section: Ketaminementioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the Effects of Anesthesia on Cortical Electrophysiological Recordings: A Scoping Review

Sorrenti

Cecchetto

Maschietto

et al. 2021

IJMS

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General anesthesia in animal experiments is an ethical must and is required for all the procedures that are likely to cause more than slight or momentary pain. As anesthetics are known to deeply affect experimental findings, including electrophysiological recordings of brain activity, understanding their mechanism of action is of paramount importance. It is widely recognized that the depth and type of anesthesia introduce significant bias in electrophysiological measurements by affecting the shape of both spontaneous and evoked signals, e.g., modifying their latency and relative amplitude. Therefore, for a given experimental protocol, it is relevant to identify the appropriate anesthetic, to minimize the impact on neuronal circuits and related signals under investigation. This review focuses on the effect of different anesthetics on cortical electrical recordings, examining their molecular mechanisms of action, their influence on neuronal microcircuits and, consequently, their impact on cortical measurements.

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Section: Ketaminementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The blockage of painful sensitivity occurs at the integumentary and non-visceral level. The osteotendinous, ciliary, corneal, photomotor, pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes, instead, are preserved; pupillary dilation and vertical or horizontal nystagmus occur [61]. Ketamine has an anticonvulsant action in both animals and humans.…”

Section: Ketaminementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Effects of Anesthesia on Cortical Electrophysiological Recordings: A Scoping Review

Sorrenti

Cecchetto

Maschietto

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…While only a single case report, it represents evidence that a single 1-h inhalation treatment with 50% nitrous oxide may improve and even remit major depressive disorder for more than a month ( 4 ). The mechanism of nitrous oxide’s antidepressant effect is poorly understood and it presumed to involve NMDA-receptor antagonism ( 5 ).…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged Remission of Major Depressive Disorder After Single Nitrous Oxide Inhalation Treatment

et al. 2020

Self Cite

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“…New insights in the complex etiology of depression might be offered by findings with the use of psychedelics for treatment- (56,69,76,77). Esketamine, the S-enantiomer of ketamine, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment-resistant depression (78), but ketamine has been and continues to be used offlabel to treat depression too (79). This highlights that serotonergic activity, or even a mono-aminergic activity, is not required for the antidepressant effect of a psychedelic compound, further stressing the need for abandoning the old hypotheses.…”

Section: Psychedelicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a New Model of Understanding, Preventing, and Treating Adolescent Depression Focusing on Exhaustion and Stress

et al. 2020

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Objective: Adolescent depression is a heterogeneous disorder, with a wide variety of symptoms and inconsistent treatment response, and is not completely understood. A dysregulated stress system is a consistent finding, however, and exhaustion is a consistent trait in adolescent patients. The aim of this paper is to critically assess current hypotheses in adolescent depression research and reframe causes and treatment approaches. Methods: A mixed-method approach involved a review based on publications from PubMed, Embase and PsycInfo, and two exemplary adolescent cases. Results: Both cases show a spiral of stress and exhaustion, but with a different profile of symptoms and coping mechanisms. Reframing both cases from the perspective of coping behavior, searching for the sources of experienced stress and exhaustion, showed coping similarities. This proved essential in the successful personalized treatment and recovery process. In combination with recent evidence, both cases support the functional reframing of depression as the outcome of a stress-and exhaustion-related spiralling mechanism. Conclusions: We propose to open up a symptom-based, mood-centered view to a model in which adolescent depression is framed as a consecutive failure of stress coping mechanisms and chronic exhaustion. Addressing exhaustion and coping primarily as a treatment strategy in adolescents and young adults might work in synergy with existing treatments and improve overall outcomes. This perspective warrants further investigation.

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Ketamine and nitrous oxide: The evolution of NMDA receptor antagonists as antidepressant agents

Cited by 54 publications

References 121 publications

Understanding the Effects of Anesthesia on Cortical Electrophysiological Recordings: A Scoping Review

Understanding the Effects of Anesthesia on Cortical Electrophysiological Recordings: A Scoping Review

Prolonged Remission of Major Depressive Disorder After Single Nitrous Oxide Inhalation Treatment

Toward a New Model of Understanding, Preventing, and Treating Adolescent Depression Focusing on Exhaustion and Stress

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