Ketamine Hydrochloride as a General Anesthetic for Domestic Fowl Chicks: Onset and Recovery from Anesthesia

Elowni, Elsayed E.; Abdelnabi, Ghada H.; Ahmad, Mohamed F.

doi:10.4236/oalib.1106463

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Both drugs have been reported to be used in single doses in avian species (8). Their combined use for intravenous injection was reported to achieve "balanced anesthesia" compared to the separate use in single doses (9,10). This mixture offers quicker activation and safer recovery unlike ketamine alone (8,11), whereas the sedative and antinociception effects of xylazine were improved (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Safety Profile of the Anesthetic Effect of Alfaxalone and its Interaction with Xylazine and Ketamine in Chick’s Model (Gallus Gallus Domesticus)

alatrushi

Naser

2021

Macedonian Veterinary Review

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The objective of our research was to estimate the therapeutic index and assess the interaction of alfaxalone (IP) with ketamine or xylazine (IM) in chicks by using isobolographic analysis. The up-and-down technique was involved to calculate the median effective anesthetic dosages (ED50) of alfaxalone, xylazine, and ketamine given separately or at the same time in young chicks. Then the up-and-down technique was involved to estimate the median lethal dosage (LD50) of alfaxalone (IP) to determine the safety profile. The ED50 of all anesthetics was evaluated isobolographically to assess the type of interaction between alfaxalone and xylazine or alfaxalone and ketamine. The alfaxalone ED50 was 32.88 mg/kg (IP), whereas the LD50 was 102.40 mg/kg (IP). The ED50 values for alfaxalone, ketamine, and xylazine were 32.88, 12.24, and 2.45 mg/kg, respectively. The ED50 values of alfaxalone with ketamine or xylazine (25:25 ED50 values) were: 7.39+2.35, and 8.61+0.63 mg/kg, respectively. ED50 values were decreased when the combinations of alfaxalone/ketamine or alfaxalone/xylazine were administered by 22-21% and 26-25%, respectively. The anesthesia of chicks with alfaxalone is safe, produces a surgical stage of anesthesia, and can be used for minor surgical procedures. The use of alfaxalone with ketamine or xylazine has been shown to have a synergistic effect and these findings may be of clinical relevance in poultry or may be extended to mammals following further clinical trials.

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