Ketamine is toxic to chondrocyte cell cultures

Öztürk, Akif Muhtar; Ergün, Mehmet Ali; Demir, Teyfik; Güngör, İrfan; Yılmaz, Akın; Kaya, Kadir

doi:10.1302/0301-620x.96b7.33005

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression was determined because its ratio is significant for determining whether a cell underwent apoptosis. 29 The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was increased dose dependently in BRL-3A cells with Co 2+ and Co-NPs treatment ( Fig. 5 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in liver cells induced by cobalt nanoparticles and ions

Liu

Deng

Yang

2016

Bone & Joint Research

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ObjectivesThe cytotoxicity induced by cobalt ions (Co2+) and cobalt nanoparticles (Co-NPs) which released following the insertion of a total hip prosthesis, has been reported. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we investigate the toxic effect of Co2+ and Co-NPs on liver cells, and explain further the potential mechanisms.MethodsCo-NPs were characterised for size, shape, elemental analysis, and hydrodynamic diameter, and were assessed by Transmission Electron Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering. BRL-3A cells were used in this study. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase release assay. In order to clarify the potential mechanisms, reactive oxygen species, Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression, IL-8 mRNA expression and DNA damage were assessed on BRL-3A cells after Co2+ or Co-NPs treatment.ResultsResults showed cytotoxic effects of Co2+ and Co-NPs were dependent upon time and dosage, and the cytotoxicity of Co-NPs was greater than that of Co2+. In addition, Co-NPs elicited a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in cell viability with a concomitant increase in lactic dehydrogenase release, reactive oxygen species generation, IL-8 mRNA expression, Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression and DNA damage after 24 hours of exposure.ConclusionCo-NPs induced greater cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in BRL-3A cells than Co2+. Cell membrane damage, oxidative stress, immune inflammation and DNA damage may play an important role in the effects of Co-NPs on liver cells.Cite this article: Y. K. Liu, X. X. Deng, H.L. Yang. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in liver cells induced by cobalt nanoparticles and ions. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:461–469. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.510.BJR-2016-0016.R1.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in liver cells induced by cobalt nanoparticles and ions

Liu

Deng

Yang

2016

Bone & Joint Research

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“…In the cultured normal SMCs used in the present study, ketamine, but not norketamine, induced a cytotoxic effect on cell growth (data not shown). Similarly, ketamine has been reported to exert toxicity in chondrocyte cell cultures and induce cytoskeleton interruption ( 39 , 40 ). Collectively, these results suggested that ketamine may dose-dependently damage the urinary bladder and affect SMC stability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Clinical significance of interleukin‑6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in ketamine‑induced cystitis

et al. 2017

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Ketamine is an ionotropic glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, which is widely used among recreational drug abusers. Ketamine abusers exhibit substantially reduced bladder capacity, which can lead to urinary frequency. The molecular pathogenesis of ketamine-induced cystitis has been scarcely reported. Given previous clinical findings, it may be hypothesized that pathological alterations in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the urinary bladder serve a crucial role in the mechanism underlying cystitis. In the present study, two lineages of SMCs, one from differentiated foreskin-derived fibroblast-like stromal cells and the other from cultured normal aortic SMCs, were used to study ketamine-induced molecular alterations. Polymerase chain reaction was used to study the effects of ketamine on oxidative stress. The effects of adjuvant chemo-therapy with cyclophosphamide (CTX) were also investigated. The results indicated that the expression levels of interleukin-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were decreased, whereas collagen expression and deposition were increased in ketamine-treated SMCs. Conversely, treatment with CTX restored the expression of iNOS, which may prevent or limit oxidative damage. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that ketamine may induce several molecular alterations in SMCs and these changes may be associated with the clinical symptoms observed in ketamine abusers. In addition, the specific chemotherapeutic agent CTX may reverse these ketamine-induced aberrations.

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“…Félix showed that ketamine exposure in the developmental phase in Zebra fish results in bone and cartilage malformations [12]. Moreover, Ozturk highlighted that intra-articular ketamine should not be used to control joint pain since it induces apoptosis of chondrocytes in vitro in clinically relevant concentrations [13]. The authors showed that 0.25 mM concentration decreased cell viability, while 0.5 mM, 1 mM, and 2 mM concentrations were definitely toxic to chondrocyte cultures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketamine decreases cell viability of bone explants and impairs bone healing in rats

et al. 2020

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Background: Ketamine is a widely used anesthetic in experimental medicine. We have also used ketamine for surgical interventions and imaging in rats and found significantly impaired ossification between identically performed experiments, which only differed in the number of anesthetic events. In order to investigate this phenomenon, we estimated the absorbed ionizing radiation and also studied whether ketamine administration has disadvantageous effect on bone cell viability.Methods: Spongious bone chips and parietal bone disks were harvested from rats. Explants were incubated in stem cell media containing 0.02, 0.2 and 2 mM ketamine. After 3 days of incubation, tetrazolium-based spectrophotometric assay was performed to measure cell viability. Size-specific dose estimation was used to calculate ionizing radiation of computed tomography imaging. Results: We found that ketamine supplementation with 0.2 mM slightly decreased cell viability, while 2 mM caused significant reduction both in the spongious and cortical explants. The cumulative ionizing radiation was found to be negligible compared to irradiation dosages used to impair ossification. Conclusions: We conclude that multiple ketamine administration was responsible for the diminished regenerative potential of bone tissue in the present experimental setup. For this reason, we suggest that ketamine anesthesia should be avoided in studies investigating bone regeneration.

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Ketamine is toxic to chondrocyte cell cultures

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in liver cells induced by cobalt nanoparticles and ions

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in liver cells induced by cobalt nanoparticles and ions

Clinical significance of interleukin‑6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in ketamine‑induced cystitis

Ketamine decreases cell viability of bone explants and impairs bone healing in rats

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