Keto-adaptation enhances exercise performance and body composition responses to training in endurance athletes

McSwiney, Fionn T; Wardrop, Bruce; Hyde, Parker N.; LaFountain, Richard A.; Volek, Jeff S.; Doyle, Lorna

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.016

Cited by 28 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Nevertheless, our results indicate that for all subjects, physical performance improved during the intervention and was not compromised by the low (LCD) or very low (KD) carbohydrate content of their diet. This is in accordance with published data from healthy subjects and athletes, which also performed well under LCD and KD regimes [18][19][20][21]. While some studies showed a negative impact when switching to LCDs or KDs on physical performance in the short term (21-30 days; [22]) and up to 10 weeks [23], the duration of 20 weeks in our study allowed the patients to adapt to the profound change in energy metabolism.…”

Section: Limitations and Strengths Of The Studysupporting

confidence: 92%

Low Carb (LCD) and Ketogenic (KD) Diets Increase Quality of Life, Physical Performance, Body Composition and Metabolic Health of Women with Breast Cancer Better Than a Standard Diet (SD)

Kämmerer¹,

Klement²,

Sütterlin³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Breast Cancer (BC) patients often ask for a healthy diet. Here, we compared three different diets which could support BC patients during the rehabilitation process: a healthy standard diet (SD), a low carb diet (LCD) and a ketogenic diet (KD).Patients and Methods:KOLIBRI was a one-site nutritional intervention trial, combining inpatient and outhouse phases for 20 weeks. Female BC patients (n=152; mean age 51.7 years) could select their diet. Data collected were: quality of life (QoL), spiroergometry, body composition, blood biochemistry. 30, 92 and 30 patients started the KD, LCD and SD, respectively. Of those, 20, 72 and 25 completed the final examination.Results:Patients rated all diets as feasible in daily life. No adverse effects occurred in any diet group. KD offered the highest amount of energy and protein. All groups improved in QoL, body composition and physical performance. KD was superior in improving fatigue, insomnia and physical functioning. KD participants finished with the best physical performance and the highest muscle/fat ratio. Despite their increased cholesterol, KD patients had the best triglyceride/HDL ratio and HOMA-IR. Most metabolic parameters significantly improved in the LCD group. SD participants ended with remarkably low cholesterol levels, but did not improve triglyceride/HDL or HOMA-IR.Conclusions:A well-defined KD and LCD are safe and beneficial for BC. Both diets could thus be recommended for patients wanting to self-support their rehabilitation process.Trial registration IDNCT02092753 Protocol Registration date:02/26/2014Ketogenic Or LOGI Diet In a Breast Cancer Rehabilitation Intervention (KOLIBRI)URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02092753?cond=KOLIBRI&draw=2&rank=1

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Section: Limitations and Strengths Of The Studysupporting

confidence: 92%

Low Carb (LCD) and Ketogenic (KD) Diets Increase Quality of Life, Physical Performance, Body Composition and Metabolic Health of Women with Breast Cancer Better Than a Standard Diet (SD)

Kämmerer¹,

Klement²,

Sütterlin³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Adherence to a ketogenic diet increases ketone bodies 6 , however its performance effects remain unproven 7,8 . For elite athletes, there are practical limitations to the ketogenic diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of 1,3-butanediol and carbohydrate supplementation on running performance

Scott

Laursen

James

et al. 2019

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

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Objectives: Ingested ketogenic agents offer the potential to enhance endurance performance via the provision of an alternative exogenous, metabolically efficient, glycogen-sparing fuel (i.e. ketone bodies). This study aimed to assess the impact of combined carbohydrate and 1,3-butanediol (CHO-BD) supplementation on endurance performance, blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) concentration and glycolytic activity, in comparison to carbohydrate supplementation alone (CHO). Design: Eleven male runners (age 38 ± 12 years, mass 67.3 ± 6.5 kg, height 174.5 ± 5.0 cm, V O2peak 64.2 ± 5.0 ml•kg-1 •min-1) performed two experimental trials in a randomised crossover design. Methods: Each trial consisted of 60 min of submaximal running, followed by a 5 km running time-trial (TT), and was performed following the ingestion of an energy matched ~650 ml drink (CHO-BD or CHO). Results: There was no difference in TT completion time between the trials (CHO: 1265 ± 93, CHO-BD: 1261 ± 96 s; p=0.723). However, blood βHB concentration in the CHO-BD trial was at least double that of the CHO trial at all time points following supplementation (p<0.05). While blood lactate concentration was lower in the CHO-BD versus CHO trial after 30 min submaximal exercise (CHO-BD: 1.46 ± 0.67 mmol•L-1 , CHO: 1.77 ± 0.46 mmol•L-1 , p=0.040), it was similar at other time points. Blood glucose concentrations were higher post-TT in the CHO-BD trial (CHO-BD: 5.83 ± 1.02 mmol•L-1 , CHO: 5.26 ± 0.95 mmol•L-1 , p=0.015). Conclusions: An energy matched CHO-BD supplementation drink raised βHB concentration and acutely lowered blood lactate concentration, without enhancing 5km TT running performance.

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“…In some studies, significant decreases in skeletal muscle thickness or lean body mass were noted. Moreover, muscle hypertrophy from resistance training may be blunted with the LC/KD (McSwiney et al, 2018). These studies demonstrate that the LC/KD diet is not an effective strategy to increase anaerobic performance in trained individuals or athletes, and it has the potential to negate the expected increases in lean body mass from anaerobic training (Harvey et al, 2019).…”

Section: Effects On Anaerobic Exercisementioning

confidence: 89%

“…However, due to the low carbohydrate intake, the increased reliance of amino acids toward gluconeogenesis and the impairment of glycogen-store restoration may adversely affect anaerobic performance. Several studies evaluated the effects of LC/ KDs on anaerobic performance, primarily assessing power or strength parameters, in various populations, including endurances athletes (McSwiney et al, 2018), Cross-Fit participants (Wilson et al, 2017), gymnasts (Paoli et al, 2012), and powerlifters (Greene, Varley, Hartwig, Chapman, & Rigney, 2018). Dietary interventions ranged from 6 weeks to 12 weeks and included normal training regimens typical of the populations studied.…”

Section: Effects On Anaerobic Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Ketogenic Diet and Sport Performance

2020

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Many athletes are concerned about attaining or maintaining optimal body weight and composition for their sport. Athletes may want to reduce body weight to ensure optimal performance, to improve aesthetic appearance, or to compete in weight category sports. This leads to efforts to reduce body fat without losing muscle mass and often to nutritional practices that may have severe health consequences. A ketogenic diet is high in fat and low in carbohydrates (≤50 g d-1) and fairly high in protein. There are numerous randomized controlled studies showing that ketogenic diets effectively reduce body fat without causing excessive loss of lean body tissue. The crucial question is whether these diets influence sports performance and, if so, how. Many nutrition-exercise combinations have been studied in an effort to increase rates of fatty acid oxidation and attenuate the rate of carbohydrate utilization, thus potentially augmenting exercise performance. The evidence suggests that increased fat availability transfers into higher rates of both whole-body and muscle lipid utilization during standardized submaximal aerobic exercise. However, despite greater rates of fat oxidation, these diets consistently fail to improve endurance performance compared with a carbohydrate-rich diet, and little is known about the effect of a ketogenic diet on strength performance.

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Keto-adaptation enhances exercise performance and body composition responses to training in endurance athletes

Cited by 28 publications

References 10 publications

Low Carb (LCD) and Ketogenic (KD) Diets Increase Quality of Life, Physical Performance, Body Composition and Metabolic Health of Women with Breast Cancer Better Than a Standard Diet (SD)

Low Carb (LCD) and Ketogenic (KD) Diets Increase Quality of Life, Physical Performance, Body Composition and Metabolic Health of Women with Breast Cancer Better Than a Standard Diet (SD)

The effect of 1,3-butanediol and carbohydrate supplementation on running performance

Ketogenic Diet and Sport Performance

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