Ketoconazole‐conjugated ZnO nanoparticles based semi‐solid formulation and study their impacts on skin disease

Abstract

In this study, the ketoconazole-conjugated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared in a single-step approach using dextrose as an intermediate compound. The physical parameters confirmed the drug conjugation with ZnO and their size was around 70-75 nm. The drug loading and in vivo drug release studies indicated that the-CHO group from the dextrose increase the drug loading up to 65% and their release kinetics were also studied. The anti-fungal studies indicated that the prepared nanoparticles exhibit strong anti-fungal activity and the minimum concentration needed is 10 mg/ml. The nanoparticles loaded semi-solid gel was prepared using carbopol, methylparaben, propyl paraben and propylene glycol. The in vitro penetration of the ketoconazole-conjugated nanoparticles was studied using the skin. The results indicated that the semi-solid gel preparations influenced the penetration and also favoured the accumulation into the skin membrane. The veterinary clinical studies indicated that the prepared gel is highly suitable for treatment of Malassezia.

Novel anti‐dandruff shampoo incorporated with ketoconazole‐coated zinc oxide nanoparticles using green tea extract

“…(B): A-Ketoconazole (0.161 mg/mL); B-Ketoconazole coated zinc oxide nanoparticles (0.16 mg/ mL); C-zinc oxide-green tea extract nanoparticles (1 mg/mL); D-green tea extract (50 mg/mL) against M.furfur. F I G U R E 1 0 HET-CAM assay endpoints (5 min after treatment) to evaluate the toxicity of KTZ-conjugated ZnO nanoparticles: (A) negative control (0.9% NaCl solution), (B) positive control (1 M NaOH solution), (C) nanoparticles without KTZ (ZnO-GTE nanoparticles, (D) KTZconjugated ZnO nanoparticles.The study findings correlated with a study carried out by Viswanathan et al23 where they prepared a semisolid gel loaded with Ketoconazole-conjugated Zinc oxide nanoparticles and studied its effect on skin disease. The proposed nanoparticles exhibited enhanced penetration and increased retention time on the skin.…”

“…22 The ZnO nanoparticles are ideal for dermal applications; they primarily remain in the stratum corneum without harmful effects. 23 The synthesis of nanoparticles utilizing sustainable, ecologically friendly methods is needed because human civilization already faces a high burden of toxins in all areas of life. The biological method of nanoparticle manufacturing has been tried and used successfully as a safer substitute.…”

“…Large ‐OH groups are present on the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles, which are easily modified by drugs or other biomolecules and slowly disperse in acidic and strongly basic environments 22 . The ZnO nanoparticles are ideal for dermal applications; they primarily remain in the stratum corneum without harmful effects 23 . The synthesis of nanoparticles utilizing sustainable, ecologically friendly methods is needed because human civilization already faces a high burden of toxins in all areas of life.…”

Plant extract‐based synthesis of metallic nanomaterials, their applications, and safety concerns

“…Transdermally biosynthesized green NMs can also be used for drug delivery applications. In this context, it is notable that a semi‐solid gel loaded with ketoconazole and zinc oxide NMs showed an enhanced antifungal effect on dogs’ skin (Viswanathan et al, 2018). Efficient antibacterial delivery through biogenic metallic NMs has also been reported in the literature.…”

Hydrophilic ZnO Nanoparticles@Calcium Alginate Composite for Water Purification

“…However, Ag NPs are expensive and susceptible to oxidation, leading to reduced antimicrobial properties. TiO 2 NPs are excellent photocatalysts, but it is difficult to prepare water-soluble TiO 2 NPs and the antibacterial effect is inferior to those of ZnO and Ag NPs. , Among these NPs, ZnO NPs have some advantages such as high stability, low-cost, low-toxicity, etc. , ZnO NPs have been applied in the field of catalysis, antibacterial fabrics, medical ointment, and water treatment. − In the field of water disinfection, the smaller the particle size of the ZnO NPs, the better the photocatalytic effect . Meanwhile, hydrophilic ZnO NPs will be in favor of increasing their contact area with water, leading to a high disinfection of bacteria.…”